안토시아닌

안토시아닌의 구조

안토시아닌(영어: anthocyanin)은 꽃이나 과실 등에 주로 포함되어 있는 색소를 말한다. 수소 이온 농도에 따라 빨간색, 보라색, 파란색 등을 띤다. 안토시아닌은 항산화제(antioxidant)로서의 가치가 있으며, 항산화 물질 가운데서도 가장 탁월한 효과를 내는 것으로 주목받고 있다.

기능

꽃잎에 작용한 안토시아닌. 팬지
안토시아닌이 들어있는 적양파

고등식물의 잎, 줄기, 뿌리, 꽃, 과일 등 어느 조직에나 생기는 수용성물질로 주로 과일과 꽃에 많다. 플라보노이드(flavonoids)계 물질로 냄새와 맛이 거의 없다. 안토시아닌은 식물의 각 위치에서 각각 다른 역할을 한다. 열매에서는 동물을 유인하는 색으로서 역할을 하며, 그 동물을 이용해 식물의 씨앗을 퍼트리게 해준다. 꽃에서도 색으로의 역할을 하며 곤충을 유인해 꽃가루를 옮기게 만든다. 잎에서는 강한 자외선을 막아주는 역할을 한다. 식물세포 속에 생기는 활성산소(reactive oxygen species)를 없애는 항산화제(抗酸化劑, antioxidants)로도 작용한다. 단풍잎의 색이 변하는 현상도 일부 안토시아닌의 작용에 의해서이다.

안토시아닌의 발생

식물 원천 100g 당 안토시아닌 함량 mg
아사이베리 320
블랙커런트 190–270
아로니아 1,480[1]
가지 750
블러드오렌지 ~200
매리언 블랙베리 317[2]
검은 산딸기 589[3]
라즈베리 365
야생 블루베리 558[4]
버찌 122[5]
퀸 가넷 자두 277[6]
레드커런트 80–420
보라색 옥수수 1,642[7]
보라색 옥수수 잎 열매의 10.2배 이상[8]
콩코드 포도 326[9]
노턴 포도 888[9]

이외에도 보라색 색소를 보여주는 적양배추, 적상추, 흑미 등이 있다.

같이 보기

위키미디어 공용에 관련된
미디어 분류가 있습니다.

각주

  1. ↑ Wu X; Gu L; Prior RL; 외. (December 2004). “Characterization of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins in some cultivars of Ribes, Aronia, and Sambucus and their antioxidant capacity”. 《Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry》 52 (26): 7846–56. doi:10.1021/jf0486850. PMID 15612766. 
  2. ↑ Siriwoharn T; Wrolstad RE; Finn CE; 외. (December 2004). “Influence of cultivar, maturity, and sampling on blackberry (Rubus L. Hybrids) anthocyanins, polyphenolics, and antioxidant properties”. 《Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry》 52 (26): 8021–30. doi:10.1021/jf048619y. PMID 15612791. 
  3. ↑ Wada L; Ou B (June 2002). “Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of Oregon caneberries”. 《Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry》 50 (12): 3495–500. doi:10.1021/jf011405l. PMID 12033817. 
  4. ↑ Hosseinian FS; Beta T (December 2007). “Saskatoon and wild blueberries have higher anthocyanin contents than other Manitoba berries”. 《Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry》 55 (26): 10832–8. doi:10.1021/jf072529m. PMID 18052240. 
  5. ↑ Wu X; Beecher GR; Holden JM; 외. (November 2006). “Concentrations of anthocyanins in common foods in the United States and estimation of normal consumption”. 《Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry》 54 (11): 4069–75. doi:10.1021/jf060300l. PMID 16719536. 
  6. ↑ Fanning K; Edwards D; Netzel M; 외. (November 2013). “Increasing anthocyanin content in Queen Garnet plum and correlations with in-field measures”. 《Acta Horticulturae》 985: 97–104. 
  7. ↑ Lieberman S (2007). “The antioxidant power of purple corn: a research review”. 《Alternative & Complementary Therapies》 13 (2): 107–110. doi:10.1089/act.2007.13210. 
  8. ↑ Li, C. Y.; Kim, H. W.; Won, S. R.; 외. (2008). “Corn husk as a potential source of anthocyanins”. 《Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry》 56 (23): 11413–6. doi:10.1021/jf802201c. PMID 19007127. 
  9. ↑ 가 나 Muñoz-Espada, A. C.; Wood, K. V.; Bordelon, B.; 외. (2004). “Anthocyanin Quantification and Radical Scavenging Capacity of Concord, Norton, and Marechal Foch Grapes and Wines”. 《Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry》 52 (22): 6779–86. doi:10.1021/jf040087y. PMID 15506816. 

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