세데르

의미

유대인의 유월절 만찬.(히브리어: סֵדֶר - 의미: 질서, 장치)

세데르 음식과 절차

세데르에 참여하는 이들은 흰색 계열의 옷을 입는다. 여섯 가지의 특별한 음식들이 올라오는데, 음식들은 출애굽 당시의 긴박한 상황과 약 400년간 종살이하던 애굽에서의 고통을 상기시킨다.[1]

세데르 음식 세팅

세데르 음식들[2][3]

  1. 일 년 된 숫양의 고기와 정강이뼈 – 고대의 성전 예배에서 희생 제물로 드린 유월절 양을 상징
  2. 구운 달걀 – 축제 희생물을 나타내는 것이며, 1, 2차 예루살렘 성전이 파괴를 기억하고 애도함
  3. 마로르(מָרוֹר) – 서양 고추냉이처럼 맵고 쓴맛이 나는 허브. 조상들이 애굽에서 겪은 노예 생활을 상기시킴
  4. 세 장의 맛초트(맛짜의 복수형) – 출애굽의 긴박성을 상징. 또한 유대인의 세 종교 집단인 제사장, 레위인, 이스라엘인을 나타냄
  5. 하로셋(חֲרֽוֹסֶת) – 사과, 호두, 잣 등을 으깬 것에 꿀, 포도주를 붓고 계피 등을 섞어 만든 일종의 잼. 유대인들이 애굽인을 위해 빚었던 회반죽을 나타냄
  6. 카르파스(כַּרְפַּס) – 보통 파슬리나 샐러리 또는 양상추를 가리킴. 애굽에서 포로 생활을 할 때의 빈약한 식단을 상징 소금과 소금물 – 카르파스 조각을 담가 먹기 위해 준비. 노예 시절 당시 흘렸던 눈물을 의미
유월절 만찬 세팅 준비.

만찬

유월절 만찬은 율법서인 하가다(הַגָּדָה)에 적힌 단계별로 진행. 음식을 먹을 때는 비스듬히 기대어 먹는다. 무교병과 쓴 나물은 유월절 양의 고기를 먹기 전에 먹는다. 딱딱한 무교병과 쓴 나물은 아주 곤혹스러운 맛인데, 이 경험이 과거 못 먹고 못 살았던 쓰디쓴 노예 생활을 잊지 않게끔 한다.

기타 준비물

  • 페사흐 하가다(Pesach Haggadah) – 유월절에 대한 모든 이야기를 담고있는 율법서
  • 시편이 들어있는 성경책
  • 찬송가나 페사흐 노래집
  • 포도주와 포도주 잔
  • 축제용 촛대
  • 꽃과 꽃병
  • 손 씻을 물과 물잔
  • 출애굽 그림이 그려진 어린이용 색칠하기 책
  • 크레용이나 색연필

만찬 진행

유월절 만찬은 각 가정의 가장이 주관하고, 전통에 따라 자녀 중 막내가 네 개의 질문을 던지고 가장이 하가다를 읽음으로 답변을 한다. 이를 통해 유대민족의 정체성을 확인하고 계승한다.

  • 왜 이 밤에 우리는 맛짜를 먹습니까?
  • 왜 이 밤에 우리는 쓴 나물을 먹습니까?
  • 왜 우리는 이 밤에 파슬리를 소금물에 두 번 찍어 먹습니까? 또 쓴 나물을 왜 하로셋에 찍어 먹습니까?
  • 왜 우리는 유월절 음식을 비스듬히 기대어 먹습니까?
  1. ↑ “Passover Seder” (영어). 2020년 2월 13일. 
  2. ↑ “유대인의 유월절 - 오늘날에도 유대인들은 양을 잡을까?”. 2017년 4월 13일. 2020년 2월 29일에 확인함. 
  3. ↑ “Unleavened bread” (영어). 2019년 12월 19일. 

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