물리해양학

지각의 표고와 수심

물리해양학은 바다에서 발생하는 물리적인 조건과 현상, 특히 해수의 운동과 물리적 특성에 대하여 연구하는 해양학의 한 분야이다.[1]

물리적 기반

지구에 있는 물의 97%는 해수이고, 해수는 수증기 순환을 통해 지구에 비나 눈이 내리게 한다.[2][3] 바다는 거대한 열용량으로 지구의 기후에 막대한 영향을 미치며, 대기와 기체 교환을 통해 지구 대기권의 조성에도 큰 영향을 미친다. 또한 지구의 판 구조로 인해 일어나는 해양내 화산 활동이나 판 사이의 섭입에도 해수가 영향을 미친다.[3]

대륙의 평균 고도는 840 m에 불과하나, 해양의 평균 심도는 3,800 m에 달한다.[2] 각 대양의 해수면 면적과 깊이는 아래의 표와 같다.

대양의 면적, 부피와 수심
대양 해수면 면적 (106km2) 부피 (106km3) 평균 수심 (m) 최대 수심 (m)
태평양 165.2 707.6 4282 -11033
대서양 82.4 323.6 3926 -8605
인도양 73.4 291.0 3963 -8047
남극해 20.3 -7235
북극해 14.1 1038
카리브해 2.8 -7686

온도

세계 해양 도해에 집계된 해양 표층수의 밀도

해수의 총 부피가 매우 크기 때문에 대략 해수의 75%는 0 - 5 ℃에 불과하다. 같은 이유로 해수의 염분 역시 동일한 수준에서 34–35 ppt (3.4–3.5%)를 유지한다.[2] 그러나 표층수의 온도는 극지방에서는 어는점에 달하며 적도 부근에선 35 ℃까지 올라간다. 이에 따라 염분 역시 10 ppt부터 41 ppt까지 변한다.

해수는 온도의 변화 폭에 따라 여러 층으로 구분할 수 있다.[4] 해수층은 일반적으로 표층수, 중층수, 하층수, 심층수 등으로 나뉜다.[5]

해류

엘리뇨

 이 부분의 본문은 엘리뇨입니다.

기후

태풍

 이 부분의 본문은 태풍입니다.

같이 보기

각주

  1. ↑ 한국해양학회,《해양과학용어사전》, 아카데미서적, 2005년, ISBN 978-89-9540-120-0, 376쪽
  2. ↑ 가 나 다 Pinet, Paul R. (1996). Invitation to Oceanography (3rd ed.). St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Co. ISBN 0-7637-2136-0.
  3. ↑ 가 나 Hamblin, W. Kenneth; Christiansen, Eric H. (1998). Earth's Dynamic Systems (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-018371-7
  4. ↑ Marshak, Stephen (2001). Earth: Portrait of a Planet. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-97423-5.
  5. ↑ 공영 외, 《기후변화와 해양생태계》, 아카데미서적, 2010년, ISBM 978-89-7616-471-1, 191-121쪽

외부 링크

  • 위키미디어 공용에 물리해양학 관련 미디어 분류가 있습니다.
이 글은 물리학에 관한 토막글입니다. 여러분의 지식으로 알차게 문서를 완성해 갑시다.
이 글은 지구과학에 관한 토막글입니다. 여러분의 지식으로 알차게 문서를 완성해 갑시다.

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