헤로인

Heroin
체계적 명칭 (IUPAC 명명법)
(5α,6α)-7,8-didehydro-4,5-epoxy-17-methylmorphinan-3,6-diol diacetate
식별 정보
CAS 등록번호 561-27-3
ATC 코드 N07BC06
PubChem 5462328
드러그뱅크 DB01452
ChemSpider 4575379
화학적 성질
화학식 C21H23NO5 
분자량 369.41 g/mol
SMILES eMolecules & PubChem
유의어 Diacetylmorphine, acetomorphine, (dual) acetylated morphine, morphine diacetate
약동학 정보
생체적합성 <35% (by mouth), 44–61% (inhaled)[1]
단백질 결합 0% (morphine metabolite 35%)
동등생물의약품 ?
약물 대사 liver
생물학적 반감기 6-8 hours[2]
배출 90% kidney as glucuronides, rest biliary
처방 주의사항
임부투여안전성 ?
법적 상태
중독 경향 Physical: Very high
Psychological: Very high
투여 방법 Intravenous, inhalation, transmucosal, by mouth, intranasal, rectal, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intrathecal

헤로인(heroin)은 모르핀을 아세틸화하여 만든 진정제의 하나로, 사용이 금지된 마약의 일종이며 중독성이 매우 강해 한번 투여하면 거의 끊지 못한다.

증상은 극단적인 쾌락과 황홀감을 수시간~수십시간에 걸쳐 지속적으로 느끼며 정신적 한계까지 각성상태가 되며 신체적 능력도 다소 상승한다. 하지만 그 부작용으로, 도파민 수용체가 상당수 파괴되어 더 이상 헤로인을 재투여 받는것 이외의 모든 일들에 행복감을 느낄수 없게 된다는 점과, 수용체 재회복까지 매우 긴 시간이 필요하다는 점 때문에 헤로인의 중독성은 더욱 높아진다.

디아세틸모르핀(diacetylmorphine), 디아모르핀(diamorphine)으로도 불린다. 헤로인이란 이름은 제약회사 바이엘에서 '모든 약 중의 영웅'이라는 의미로 붙여진 이름이다.[3]

주요 생산 국가

같이 보기

각주

  1. Rook EJ, van Ree JM, van den Brink W, Hillebrand MJ, Huitema AD, Hendriks VM, Beijnen JH (2006). “Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of high doses of pharmaceutically prepared heroin, by intravenous or by inhalation route in opioid-dependent patients”. 《Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol.》 98 (1): 86–96. doi:10.1111/j.1742-7843.2006.pto_233.x. PMID 16433897. 
  2. 엄밀히 따지면 헤로인 자체의 반감기는 2-3분에 불과하다, 다만 헤로인이 모르핀으로 변환되면서 6-8시간의 지속시간을 낸다.
  3. 역사를 바꾼 17가지 화학 (Napoleon's Buttons) 사이언스 북스

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