프네우마

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프네우마(pneuma)

프뉴마(πνεύμα Pneuma[*])는 "숨 · 호흡"을 의미하는 고대 그리스어 단어이다.[1] 종교적 문맥에서 프네우마는 에센스(essence·스피릿), 영(spirit·스피릿·정신) 또는 영혼(soul)을 뜻한다. 이러한 일반적인 종교적 문맥의 의미 외에도 프네우마는 고대 철학자들과 의학자들에 의해 여러 다른 전문적인 의미로도 사용되었다.

철학 및 의학

종교적 문맥의 의미 외에 프네우마는 고대 철학자들과 의학자들에 의해 다음과 같은 여러 전문적인 의미로도 사용되었다.

  • 운동 상태의 공기, 숨, 바람:
    아낙시메네스가 만물의 근원이라고 생각한 "공기"(ἀήρ·aer·아에르·air)와 동일한 의미이다. 프네우마의 현존하는 용법 중 가장 오래된 것이다.
  • 고대 서양 의학의 프네우마:
    고대의 여러 서양 의학 저자들이 기술한, 생체 기관의 조직적 기능에 필수적인 순환하는 공기(air) 갈레노스

유대교와 기독교

유대교와 기독교에서 프네우마는 70인역 구약 성경과 그리스 신약 성경에서 일반적으로 "영(spirit)"을 의미하는 용법으로 사용되고 있다. 이외에 프네우마는 유대교 · 기독교 · 나스티시즘에서 다음과 같은 용법으로 사용되고 있다.

NASB에서 프네우마는 숨(breath)의 의미로 3회, 하느님의 영 또는 성령(Spirit)의 의미로 241회, 영 또는 악령(spirit)의 의미로 101회, 악령들 또는 귀신들(spirits)의 의미로 32회, 영성(spiritual)의 의미로 1회, 바람(wind)의 의미로 1회, 바람들(winds)의 의미로 1회 번역되어 있다.[1]

같이 보기

각주

  1. ↑ 가 나 스트롱 색인 번호 #4151: pneuma. 2010년 12월 9일에 확인.
  2. ↑ 누가복음 11:24의 영문 번역 병행판, Biblos.com. 2010년 12월 10일에 확인.
  3. ↑ 누가복음 11:24 등

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