트라이나이트로톨루엔

트라이나이트로톨루엔
solid trinitrotoluene
이름
우선명 (PIN)
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene
별칭
2,4,6-Trinitromethylbenzene
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluol
2-Methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene
TNT, Tolite, Trilite, Trinitrotoluol, Trinol, Tritolo, Tritolol, Triton, Tritone, Trotol, Trotyl
식별자
3D 모델 (JSmol)
약어 TNT
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
DrugBank
ECHA InfoCard 100.003.900
EC 번호
  • 204-289-6
KEGG
RTECS 번호
  • XU0175000
UNII
UN 번호 0209Dry or wetted with < 30% water
0388, 0389Mixtures with trinitrobenzene, hexanitrostilbene
  • InChI=1S/C7H5N3O6/c1-4-6(9(13)14)2-5(8(11)12)3-7(4)10(15)16/h2-3H,1H3 아니오아니오
    Key: SPSSULHKWOKEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 아니오아니오
  • InChI=1/C7H5N3O6/c1-4-6(9(13)14)2-5(8(11)12)3-7(4)10(15)16/h2-3H,1H3
  • InChI=1/C7H5N3O6/c1-4-2-3-5(8(11)12)7(10(15)16)6(4)9(13)14/h2-3H,1H3
    Key: FPKOPBFLPLFWAD-UHFFFAOYAR
  • Cc1c(cc(cc1[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-]
성질
C7H5N3O6
몰 질량 227.132 g·mol−1
겉보기 Pale yellow solid. Loose "needles", flakes or prills before melt-casting. A solid block after being poured into a casing.
밀도 1.654 g/cm3
녹는점 80.35 °C (176.63 °F; 353.50 K)
끓는점 240.0 °C (464.0 °F; 513.1 K) (decomposes)[1]
0.13 g/L (20 °C)
ether, 아세톤, 벤젠, 피리딘에서의 용해도 soluble
증기 압력 0.0002 mmHg (20°C)[2]
폭발물 자료
충격감도 Insensitive
마찰감도 Insensitive to 353 N
폭발속도 6900 m/s
RE 계수 1.00
위험
물질 안전 보건 자료 ICSC 0967
GHS 그림문자 GHS01: Explosive GHS06: Toxic GHS08: Health hazard GHS09: Environmental hazard
신호어 위험
H201, H301, H311, H331, H373, H411
P210, P273, P309+311, P370+380, P373, P501
NFPA 704 (파이어 다이아몬드)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondFlammability code 4: Will rapidly or completely vaporize at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, or is readily dispersed in air and will burn readily. Flash point below 23 °C (73 °F). E.g. propaneHealth code 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroformReactivity code 4: Readily capable of detonation or explosive decomposition at normal temperatures and pressures. E.g. nitroglycerinSpecial hazards (white): no code
4
2
4
반수 치사량 또는 반수 치사농도 (LD, LC):
795 mg/kg (rat, oral)
660 (mouse, oral)[3]
500 mg/kg (rabbit, oral)
1850 mg/kg (cat, oral)[3]
NIOSH (미국 건강 노출 한계):
PEL (허용)
TWA 1.5 mg/m3 [skin][2]
REL (권장)
TWA 0.5 mg/m3 [skin][2]
IDLH (직접적 위험)
500 mg/m3[2]
관련 화합물
관련 화합물
picric acid
hexanitrobenzene
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
달리 명시된 경우를 제외하면, 표준상태(25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa)에서 물질의 정보가 제공됨.
아니오아니오 확인 (관련 정보 예아니오아니오 ?)

트라이나이트로톨루엔(영어: trinitrotoluene 트라이나이트로우탈류인[*], IPA: [trainàitroutɑ́ljuìːn], TNT) 또는 문화어: 뜨로찔[5](러시아어: троти́л)은 폭발성의 화학 물질로 화학식은 C7H5N3O6이다. TNT는 1863년 독일 화학자 요제프 빌브란트(Joseph Wilbrand)가 최초로 제조하였으며, 1891년 독일에서 최초로 대량 생산을 시작하였다. TNT의 폭발력은 폭탄이나 기타 폭발물의 폭발력에 대한 기준으로 사용된다.[6] RE 계수는 1.00이다.

연소의 화학식

2 C7H5N3O6 → 3 N2 + 5 H2O + 7 CO + 7 C

제조법

제조법은 1, 2, 3 단계와 연속법이 있다.

  • 1단계는 반응이 격렬하고 위험하기 때문에 많이 쓰이지 않는다.
  • 2단계는 작은 규모의 설비로 제조할 수 있으므로 실험 등에서 적은 양을 제조하는 데 이용한다. 황산질산, 혼합산을 사용하여 톨루엔을 2단계로 니트로화(nitro化)한다.
  • 3단계, 연속법은 제품 순도를 높일 수 있어 취급이 쉬워지므로 공업에서 대량 생산에 쓰인다.

역사

  • 1863년: 요제프 빌브란트(Joseph Wilbrand)가 톨루엔을 높은 온도에서 니트로화함으로써 처음으로 합성에 성공하였다.
  • 1891년: 독일에서 공업적인 규모로 대량 생산을 시작하였다.
  • 1901년: 피크르산(picric acid)을 대신하여 주요한 폭약이 되었다.

같이 보기

각주

  1. 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene. inchem.org
  2. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. “#0641”. 미국 국립 직업안전위생연구소 (NIOSH). 
  3. “2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene”. 《Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health Concentrations (IDLH)》. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 
  4. “연천에서 첫 사상자 낸 목함지뢰는 어떤 지뢰?”. 조선일보. 2010년 8월 1일. 2010년 8월 1일에 확인함. 
  5. 조선인민군에서는 러시아제 PMD-57 목함지뢰를 일컫는 용어로 사용하기도 한다.[4]
  6. TNT 당량 참조

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