증오

미워함은 여기로 연결됩니다. 불교에서의 미워함 또는 증오에 대해서는 진 (불교) 문서를 참고하십시오.
다른 뜻에 대해서는 증오 (동음이의) 문서를 참고하십시오.
정서
기쁨
신뢰
공포
놀람
슬픔
혐오
분노
호기심
사랑
특정 문화에서의 정서
기타

증오(憎惡)란 좋아하지 않는 감정 즉 반감이 매우 강한 상태를 말한다. 특정 음식을 싫어할 때와 다른 사람을 증오하는 데 이르기까지 여러 맥락에 걸쳐 두루 나타날 수 있는 상태이다. 사람에 대한 증오의 극단적인 예로 역사상 특정 인종 집단에 대한 증오가 인종차별주의로 나타나기도 했다.

철학자들은 증오에 대한 여러 가지 주요 정의를 제시했다. 데카르트는 어떤 나쁜 것 혹은 특정 집단에서 제거되도록 촉구되는 것이라고 정의했으며 스피노자는 증오란 극도의 요인 때문에 생기는 고통의 일종이라고 보기도 했다. 흄의 경우에는 전혀 정의될 수 없는 강한 감정이라고 했다.[1]

심리학에서 프로이트는 증오를 어떠한 불행 혹은 불편한 감정을 없애려고 하는 자아 의식에서 발현되는 것이라고 말했다.[2] 더 현대적인 심리학의 관점에서 보면 증오는 깊더라도 참아야 하며 화나 적대감을 개인, 집단, 사물에 대해 가지는 것이라고 보고 있기도 하다.[3]

일반인들도 증오는 대체로 오래 지속된다고 보기 때문에, 일시적인 감정 상태라기보다는 개인의 기질로 여겨진다.

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각주

  1. ↑ Royzman, E. B., McCauley, C. & Rozin, P. (2005). From Plato to Putnam: Four ways to think about hate. In The Psychology of Hate by Sternberg, R. (Ed.).
  2. ↑ Freud, S. (1915). The instincts and their vicissitudes.
  3. ↑ Reber, A.S., & Reber, E. (2002). The Penguin dictionary of psychology. New York: Penguin Books.

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