전구체

전구체(前驅體, 영어: precursor) 또는 전구물질(前驅物質) 또는 선구 물질(先驅物質)은 화학에서 다른 화합물을 생성하는 화학 반응에 참여하는 화합물이다. 예를 들면, 베타카로틴은 비타민 A의 전구체이다.

생화학에서 전구체라는 용어는 종종 단백질 전구체와 같이 대사 경로에서 또 다른 화합물에 선행하는 화합물을 보다 구체적으로 지칭한다.

불법 약물 전구체

1988년에 마약 및 향정신성물질의 불법거래방지에 관한 국제연합협약은 남용되는 약물을 생산하는데 사용되는 전구체의 통제와 관련된 세부 조항과 요구 사항들을 도입했다.

유럽에서는 2004년 2월 11일에 유럽 의회 및 약물 전구체에 관한 위원회의 규정 (EC) No. 273/2004 가 채택되었다.

불법 폭발물 전구체

2013년 1월 15일에 유럽 의회 및 폭발물 전구체의 거래 및 사용에 관한 위원회의 규정 (EU) No. 98/2013 이 채택되었다. 이 규정은 유럽 전역의 폭발물의 불법 제조에 악용될 수 있는 특정 물질 또는 혼합물의 도입, 소유, 사용에 관한 조항을 정하고 있다.[1]

탐지

실리콘-마이크로머신 고속 가스 크로마토그래피 컬럼에 맞춰 속이 빈 섬유에서 적외선 분광법에 기반한 휴대용 첨단 센서는 나노 그램 수준의 감도를 가진 불법 각성제와 전구체를 분석할 수 있다.[2]

라만 분광법은 폭발물과 폭발물의 전구체를 탐지하기 위해 성공적으로 테스트되었다.[3]

환경에서 전구체를 탐지할 수 있는 기술은 불법 물질(폭발물 및 남용되는 약물 둘 다)이 생산되는 현장의 위치를 조기에 파악하는데 기여할 수 있다.[4][5][6]

같이 보기

각주

  1. ↑ “Archived copy”. 2017년 9월 13일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2017년 9월 13일에 확인함. 
  2. ↑ S. Mengali, D. Luciani, R. Viola, N. Liberatore, S. Zampolli, I. Elmi, G. Cardinali, A. Poggi, E. Dalcanale, E. Biavardi, P. Esseiva, O. Delemont, F. Bonadio, and F.S. Romolo, Toward street detection of amphetamines 보관됨 2017-08-19 - 웨이백 머신. SPIE Newsroom (2013).
  3. ↑ Trace detection of explosives and their precursors by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. S. Almaviva, S. Botti, L. Cantarini, A. Palucci, A. Puiu, A. Rufoloni, L. Landstrom, F.S. Romolo. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, Article number 854602, Optics and Photonics for Counterterrorism, Crime Fighting, and Defence VIII; Edinburgh; United Kingdom (2012) Code 96354.
  4. ↑ Cloé Desmet, Agnes Degiuli, Carlotta Ferrari, Francesco Saverio Romolo, Loïc Blum and Christophe Marquette, Electrochemical Sensor for Explosives Precursors’ Detection in Water. “Archived copy”. 2017년 9월 13일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2017년 9월 13일에 확인함.  Challenges 8(1), 10; doi:10.3390/challe8010010 (2017).
  5. ↑ Carlotta Ferrari, Alessandro Ulrici and Francesco Saverio Romolo, Expert System for Bomb Factory Detection by Networks of Advance Sensors. “Archived copy”. 2017년 9월 13일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2017년 9월 13일에 확인함.  Challenges 8(1), 10; doi:10.3390/challe8010001 (2017).
  6. ↑ Francesco Saverio Romolo, Samantha Connell, Carlotta Ferrari, Guillaume Suarez, Jean Jacques Sauvain, Nancy Hopf. Locating bomb factories by detecting hydrogen peroxide. Talanta, Volume 160 15-20 doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.06.033. (2016).

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