외교 공관

외교 공관(外交公館, 영어: diplomatic mission, foreign mission)은 국가 혹은 국제 기구가 외교와 자국민 보호 등을 위해 다른 국가에 설치한 관공서를 말한다. 대사관(大使館), 영사관(領事館), 대표부(代表部) 등이 있다. 그래서 재외 공관(在外公館)이라고 가리킨다.

권리

대사관을 포함한 재외 공관(총영사관, 영사관은 제외)은 국제법에 대해 외교에 관한 특권(diplomatic immunity)을 가져 대사관에 속해 있는 부지는 불가침 지역으로 여겨지므로 파견된 나라의 관헌 동의 없이는 들어갈 수 없다. 또, 조세 등에 대해서도 모두 본국 영토와 똑같이 취급을 받는다. 그 때문에 탈북자 등 망명 희망자가 특정 국가의 대사관 안으로 도망치는 사건이 자주 발생한다. 이것을 방지하기 위해 대사관을 상주시키는 나라들은 개인에 의한 재외 공관 침입, 파괴 및 재외 공관 위엄의 침해를 방지하기 위해서, 적당한 모든 조치를 갖추어야 하는 특별 의무를 지고 있다. 이 의무에는 원상회복을 위한 조치나 손해배상의 의무 만이 아니고 사전 예방의 의무도 포함되고 있다. (테헤란 미국 대사관원 인질 사건)

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