어미

다른 뜻에 대해서는 어미 (동음이의) 문서를 참고하십시오.

어미(語尾)는 한국어의 형태소로, 용언 어간이나 서술격 조사에 붙어 시제, 상, 양태 등을 표시한다.

종류

형태소 중 다른 접미사가 뒤에 결합할 수 없는 형태소를 '폐쇄형태소(closing morpheme)'라 하고, 그렇지 않은 형태소를 '개방형태소(non-closing morpheme)'라고 한다. 1-(나), 1-(다)는 어미가 여러 개인데 개방형태소 '-는-', '-시-', '-었-'처럼 앞뒤에 붙임표가 있고, 폐쇄형태소는 '-다'처럼 그것의 붙는 방향의 한 쪽에만 붙임표가 있다.

  1. 푸르다: 푸르-, -다
  2. 입는다: 입-,-는-, -다
  3. 매셨다(매시었다): 매-, -시-, -었-, -다

어간에 붙은 어미가 복잡할 때, 이들 어미들 중 용언이나 서술격조사의 끝에 오는 폐쇄형태소를 '어말어미(final ending)'라 하고 이에 앞서는 개방형태소를 '선어말어미(prefinal ending)' 또는 비어말어미(nonfinal ending)라고 한다. 선어말어미는 다른 어미와 자유롭게 결합되는 분리적 선어말어미와 그렇지 않은 교착적 선어말어미가 있다.

참고 문헌

  • 남기심·고영근, 《표준국어문법론》, 탑출판사, 2011년, 152-3쪽, ISBN 9788934201137
  • 고영근, 《표준중세국어문법론》, 집문당, 2010년, 136-8쪽

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이 글은 언어학에 관한 토막글입니다. 여러분의 지식으로 알차게 문서를 완성해 갑시다.

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