비자나무

비자나무

생물 분류ℹ️
계: 식물계
문: 구과식물문
강: 구과식물강
목: 구과목
과: 주목과
속: 비자나무속
종: 비자나무
학명
Torreya nucifera
(L.) Siebold & Zucc. 1846
보전상태


최소관심(LC): 절멸위협 조건 만족하지 않음
평가기관: IUCN 적색 목록 3.1[출처 필요]

비자나무(榧子~)는 구과식물강 구과목 주목과에 속하는 침엽수일본 남부가 원산지이다. 사찰 근처에 심은 비자나무가 많아 일본에서 가져왔다고 하지만, 제주도 비자림은 자생한 것일 것이라는 견해가 지배적[1]이라 한국 원산지라고 볼 수도 있다.

생태

높이 25m, 지름은 2m에 이르며, 나무껍질은 세로로 얇게 벗겨지고 붉은빛이 도는 갈색을 띤다. 작은 가지는 붉은색을 띤다. 깃처럼 달리는 잎은 길쭉하고 끝이 침 모양으로 뾰족하며, 잎의 중앙맥 양쪽으로 노란빛이 도는 흰색 줄이 선명하다. 4월에는 수꽃과 암꽃이 다른 그루에서 따로따로 피는데, 둥근 달걀 모양인 수꽃은 잎겨드랑이에 달리고, 5-6개의 녹색 포로 싸인 암꽃은 가지 끝에 2-3개씩 달린다. 다음 해 9-10월에 익는 솔방울은 타원형이고 자줏빛이 도는 갈색을 띤다.

쓰임새

비자나무 씨는 약용으로 널리 쓰이고 그 즙은 기름 대용으로도 이용되었다. 목재 중심재는 갈색이고 변재는 노란색으로, 나뭇결이 곱고 가공이 쉬워 주로 가구재·바둑판·장식재·조각재·토목재 등으로 이용된다.

한국의 비자나무

대한민국의 여러 비자나무와 비자나무 숲이 천연기념물로 보호받고 있다.

각주

  1. 이유미 (1995년 2월 28일). 《우리가 정말 알아야 할 우리 나무 백 가지》. 서울: 현암사. 482쪽쪽. ISBN 89-323-0830-6. 

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