발트 독일인

발트 독일인
Baltendeutsche
민족기
총인구
5,000여명
(현재의 독일계 라트비아인, 독일계 에스토니아인은 역사적·문화적으로 반드시 발트 독일인이라고 할 수 없음)
인구분포
라트비아 라트비아 2,882
에스토니아 에스토니아 2,178
언어
고지독일어, 저지독일어
종교
루터교(다수), 천주교(소수)
민족계통
게르만족
기원·발상 중세에 발트 지방에 이주, 진출한 독일인의 후예
근연민족 독일인, 독일계 러시아인, 스웨덴계 에스토니아인

발트 독일인들은 발트해 연안에 거주하는 독일인들을 말한다.

현황

발트 독일인들은 에스토니아(탈린(독일명 'Reval(라발)'), 타르투(독일명 'Dorpat(도르파트)'), 리보니아, 사레마섬(독일명 'Ösel(외셀)'), 히우마섬(독일명 'Dagö(다괴)')), 라트비아(리가, 리보란드, 쿠를란트), 리투아니아에 거주한다. 그러나 1945년 전후로 대부분이 독일이나 시베리아, 중앙아시아로 추방되었다.

문화

문화적으로 보면 발트 독일인들은 대부분이 독일어를 쓰고 있으나, 19세기 제정 러시아의 영향과 1945년 소련의 영향으로 이들도 대부분 러시아어를 할 줄 안다. 대부분이 개신교를 믿고 일부는 러시아 정교회를 믿는다.

역사

발트 독일인들의 역사는 12세기 때 발트 지방으로 선교사를 활동하던 시절로 거슬러 올라갈 수 있다. 발트 독일인들은 발트족, 핀족 주민들과 구별되었고, 거주 준비가 되었다. 1199년 독일인들이 발트 지방에 규칙적으로 정착할 시점 알베르트 폰 북소에베덴비숍리보니아가 선택되었다.

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