람다 중입자

람다 중입자(lambda baryon)란 위 쿼크와 아래 쿼크, 또 제3의 무거운 쿼크 (기묘 쿼크, 맵시 쿼크, 바닥 쿼크, 꼭대기 쿼크)로 이루어진 중입자의 하나다. 기호는 그리스 문자 람다.

역사

최초의 기묘한 입자 (전하를 띤 케이온)이 우주선으로부터 1947년에 발견된 뒤, 1951년에 같은 방식으로 스페인의 라파엘 아르멘테로스 (Rafael Armenteros), 바커 (K. H. Barker), 영국의 클리퍼드 버틀러 (Sir Clifford Charles Butler), 카촌 (A. Cachon)은 이로부터 두 종류의 중성적 기묘한 입자를 추가로 발견하였다. 이는 오늘날의 중성 케이온과 기묘한 람다에 해당한다.

"기묘함"의 어원은, 당시의 이론에 따르면 이입자는 아주 짧은 반감기 (~10−23 초)를 가져야 하였지만, 실험 결과에 따르면 이 입자는 그보다 훨씬 오래 (~10−10) 살아남았기 때문이다. 이후 쿼크 모형으로 인하여 기묘함은 입자가 기묘 쿼크를 포함하기 때문이라는 사실이 밝혀졌다.

목록

람다 중입자의 종류
이름 기호 구성 질량 (MeV/c2) I JP Q (e) S C B' T 평균수명 (s)
기묘한 람다[1] uds 1,115.683 ± 0.006 0 1⁄2+ 0 −1 0 0 0 2.631 ± 0.020 × 10−10
맵시있는 람다[2] udc 2,286.46 ± 0.14 0 1⁄2 + +1 0 +1 0 0 2.00 ± 0.06 × 10−13
바닥 람다[3] udb 5,620.2 ± 1.6 0 1⁄2 + 0 0 0 −1 0 × 10−12
꼭대기 람다† udt — 0 1⁄2 + +1 0 0 0 +1 —

† 아직 발견되지 않음.

참고 문헌

  1. ↑ C.Amsler et al. (2008): Particle listings –
    Λ
  2. ↑ C.Amsler et al. (2008): Particle listings –
    Λ
    c
  3. ↑ C.Amsler et al. (2008): Particle listings –
    Λ
    b

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