광전관

두 개의 다른 유형의 광전관

광전관은 빛에 민감한 가스 충전 또는 진공 튜브의 유형이다. 이러한 튜브는 보다 정확하게 광전지 도는 광도전 셀과 구별하기 위해 "광전자 셀"이라고 한다. 광튜브는 이전에 널리 사용되었지만 지금은 고체 상태의 광검출기가 많은 응용 프로그램에서 대체한다. 광전자 중 배관은 가장 민감한 광검출기이며, 아직도 널리 물리학 연구에서 사용된다.

작동 원리

광튜브는 광전 효과에 따라 작동한다. 들어오는 광전자애노드(양극)에 끌려오며, 그 표면에서 전자를 두드려, 광음극(en:photocathode)에 부딪힌다. 따라서 전류 인입 광자의 빈도와 강도에 따라 달라진다. 광전 증폭관과 달리, 더 증폭이 발생하지 않기 때문에 소자를 통과하는 전류는 보통 몇 마이크로암페어정도 차수가 나온다.[1]

장치가 감지되는 동안의 광파장 범위는 광음극에 사용되는 재료에 따라 달라진다. 광음극에 사용되는 재료로는 세슘-안티몬 합금 등을 이용한 합금 광전면과, 산화 세슘과 으로 된 복합음극(複合陰極)을 사용한 복합 광전면이 있다.[2]

관 속을 진공으로 한 광전관은 양극 전압에 대하여 정비례한 출력 전류를 갖는다. 주파수 특성이 좋아 측정장치에 주로 사용된다. 관 속에 비활성기체를 약간 넣은 광전관은 광전면에서 나온 전자가 관 속의 가스분자에 부딪히면서 전리 되면서 양극에 이르기 때문에 10~100배로 높은 감도를 얻게 된다. 그러나 양극 전압이 너무 높아지면 전류가 급격히 올라 방전이 일어나게 되는 문제가 있다.

참조

  1. J.B. Calvert (2002년 1월 16일). “Electronics 30 - Phototubes”. University of Denver. 2007년 6월 9일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2016년 10월 27일에 확인함. 
  2. Mullard Technical Handbook Volume 4 Section 4:Photoemissive Cells (1960 Edition)

Read other articles:

Winter PassingSutradaraAdam RappProduserDavid KoplanP. Jennifer DanaDitulis olehAdam RappPemeranZooey DeschanelEd HarrisWill FerrellAmelia WarnerPenata musikJohn Kimbrough, The EaglesSinematograferTerry StaceyPenyuntingMeg RetickerTanggal rilis2005Durasi98 min.NegaraU.S.BahasaBahasa InggrisIMDbInformasi di IMDbAMGProfil All Movie Guide Winter Passing adalah film drama asal Amerika yang diperankan oleh Zooey Deschanel, Ed Harris, Will Ferrell, dan Amelia Warner. Film yang dirilis pada ta...

 

 

此條目可参照英語維基百科相應條目来扩充。 (2021年5月6日)若您熟悉来源语言和主题,请协助参考外语维基百科扩充条目。请勿直接提交机械翻译,也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依版权协议,译文需在编辑摘要注明来源,或于讨论页顶部标记{{Translated page}}标签。 约翰斯顿环礁Kalama Atoll 美國本土外小島嶼 Johnston Atoll 旗幟颂歌:《星條旗》The Star-Spangled Banner約翰斯頓環礁�...

 

 

1990 guide to Iyengar Yoga, a style of modern yoga Yoga the Iyengar Way Cover of first edition, showing Mira Mehta in Utthita Trikonasana. The title appears also in Sanskrit as Yoga Marg.AuthorsSilva, Mira & Shyam MehtaSubjectIyengar YogaPublisherDorling KindersleyPublication date1990ISBN978-0863184208 Yoga the Iyengar Way is a 1990 guide to Iyengar Yoga, a style of modern yoga as exercise, by the yoga teachers Silva Mehta and her children Mira Mehta and Shyam Mehta. They were among the f...

Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 226Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 226 signPennsylvania State Game Lands Number 226LocationPine Township and Madison Township, Columbia County, PennsylvaniaNearest cityMillvilleCoordinates41°7′53″N 76°35′44″W / 41.13139°N 76.59556°W / 41.13139; -76.59556Area4,335 acres (1,754 ha)DesignationPennsylvania State Game LandsOwnerPennsylvania Game Commission Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 226 are Pennsylvan...

 

 

Голова Верховного Суду — посадова особа, що очолює Верховний Суд — найвищий судовий орган у системі судів загальної юрисдикції України. Голова Верховного Суду є найвищою адміністративною посадою цього суду, проте він не очолює судову систему загалом. Зміст 1 Посад...

 

 

Strada statale 370Litoranea delle Cinque TerreDenominazioni successiveStrada provinciale 370 Litoranea delle Cinque Terre (tratto La Spezia-Manarola) Strada provinciale 370 dir/B Litoranea delle Cinque Terre (tratto Monterosso al Mare-Chiesanuova) LocalizzazioneStato Italia Regioni Liguria DatiClassificazioneStrada statale InizioLa Spezia FineChiesanuova Lunghezza18,737 km Provvedimento di istituzioneD.M. 28/04/1962 - G.U. 153 del 18/06/1962[1] GestoreTratte ANAS: nessuna (d...

The African Agricultural Union (French: Syndicat agricole africain, SAA) was the first quasi-political party in Côte d'Ivoire, led by Félix Houphouët-Boigny throughout its existence. It was established on 3 September 1944 by Houphouët-Boigny and the colonial administration. History Felix Houphouët-Boigny The SAA was established on 3 September 1944 by Houphouët-Boigny and the colonial administration at an inaugural meeting in Abidjan.[1] Under his presidency, it brought together ...

 

 

American lawyer & politician (born 1980) Eric SwalwellOfficial portrait, 2016Member of the U.S. House of Representativesfrom CaliforniaIncumbentAssumed office January 3, 2013Preceded byPete Stark (redistricting)Constituency15th district (2013–2023)14th district (2023–present)Member of the Dublin City CouncilIn officeDecember 7, 2010 – January 3, 2013Preceded byKate Ann ScholzSucceeded byAbe Gupta Personal detailsBornEric Michael Swalwell (1980-11-16) Novembe...

 

 

Empat meriam isian belakang dari kerajaan Mughal yang digambarkan di Akbarnama. Prangi, paranki, piranki, pirangi, farangi, firingi, atau firingiha adalah jenis meriam yang diproduksi oleh Kekaisaran Ottoman. Ia kemudian disalin dan diproduksi di tempat lain seperti oleh kesultanan Mughal di bawah Babur. Prangi adalah meriam putar isian belakang.[1]:143 Etimologi Paling bawah: Ruangan pengisian meriam Maratha. Prangi ditulis dalam sumber Ottoman dengan berbagai kata sebagai prankı, p...

Fascism associated with Jewish far right See also: Definitions of fascism, Jewish nationalism, Far-right politics in Israel, and Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine Part of a series onFascism Principles Actual idealism Aestheticization of politics Anti-communism Anti-intellectualism Anti-materialism Anti-pacifism Authoritarianism Chauvinism Class collaboration Conspiracism Corporatism Cult of personality Dictatorship Direct action Dirigisme Eugenics Heroic capitalism Heroic realism Hero...

 

 

Piariocomune Piario – VedutaVeduta con la parrocchiale di Sant'Antonio LocalizzazioneStato Italia Regione Lombardia Provincia Bergamo AmministrazioneSindacoFrancesco Zanotti (lista civica) dall'11-06-2024 TerritorioCoordinate45°53′46″N 9°55′26″E45°53′46″N, 9°55′26″E (Piario) Altitudine550 m s.l.m. Superficie1,55 km² Abitanti995[2] (1-1-2024) Densità641,94 ab./km² Frazioninessuna[1]; vedi elenco contrade Comuni conf...

 

 

Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento atleti non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Gunder HäggNazionalità Svezia Atletica leggera SpecialitàMezzofondo Termine carriera1946 Record 1500m 3'430 miglio 4'014 2 miglia 8'428 3 miglia 13'324 2000m 5'118 5000m 13'582 4x1500m 15'386 Palmarès OroS...

Ring-shaped ornament used for decoration and commemoration For wreaths worn on the head, see wreath (attire). For the wreath used in heraldry, see torse. A Christmas wreath on a house door in England. A golden wreath and ring from the burial of an Odrysian Aristocrat at the Golyamata Mogila in the Yambol region of Bulgaria. Mid 4th century BC. A wreath (/riːθ/) is an assortment of flowers, leaves, fruits, twigs, or various materials that is constructed to form a ring shape.[1] In En...

 

 

This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (December 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Architecture of Old Town in Dubrovnik Traditional Croatian musicians playing violins Part of a series on theCulture of Croatia History History of Croatia Kingdom of Croatia Renaissance Illyrian movement People Languages Croatian Traditions Costume Name ...

 

 

System or group of people governing an organized community, often a state For the executive of parliamentary systems referred to as the government, see Executive (government). For other uses, see Government (disambiguation). Gov redirects here. For other uses, see Gov (disambiguation). World's states coloured by systems of government: Parliamentary systems: Head of government is elected or nominated by and accountable to the legislature   Constitutional monarchy with a ceremonial mo...

Process of starting a computer Quick boot redirects here. For the feature of the Quarterdeck memory manager, see Quickboot (QEMM). This article is about bootstrapping operating systems. For the general concept, see Bootstrapping. For other uses, see Boot (disambiguation). A flow diagram of a computer booting In computing, booting is the process of starting a computer as initiated via hardware such as a button on the computer or by a software command. After it is switched on, a computer's cent...

 

 

State park in Arkansas, United States Mammoth Spring State ParkMammoth Spring near average flow conditionsLocation of Mammoth Spring State Park in ArkansasShow map of ArkansasMammoth Spring State Park (the United States)Show map of the United StatesLocationMammoth Spring, Arkansas, United StatesCoordinates36°29′43.7″N 91°32′7.5″W / 36.495472°N 91.535417°W / 36.495472; -91.535417Area62.5 acres (25.3 ha)[1]Established1957[1]Named forMammo...

 

 

World Wrestling Entertainment pay-per-view event UnforgivenPromotional poster featuring KanePromotionWorld Wrestling EntertainmentBrand(s)RawDateSeptember 21, 2003CityHershey, PennsylvaniaVenueGiant CenterAttendance10,347[1]Buy rate360,000[2]Tagline(s)Face Your FearPay-per-view chronology ← PreviousSummerSlam Next →No Mercy Unforgiven chronology ← Previous2002 Next →2004 The 2003 Unforgiven was the sixth annual Unforgiven professional wrestling pay-...

American politician Frank Henry Cooney9th Governor of MontanaIn officeMarch 13, 1933 – December 15, 1935LieutenantTom KaneErnest T. EatonElmer HoltPreceded byJohn E. EricksonSucceeded byElmer Holt11th Lieutenant Governor of MontanaIn officeJanuary 5, 1933 – March 13, 1933GovernorJohn E. EricksonPreceded byFrank A. HazelbakerSucceeded byTom Kane Personal detailsBorn(1872-12-31)December 31, 1872Norwood, Ontario, CanadaDiedDecember 15, 1935(1935-12-15) (aged 62)Great F...

 

 

Biquinhascomune LocalizzazioneStato Brasile Stato federato Minas Gerais MesoregioneCentral Mineira MicroregioneTrês Marias AmministrazioneSindacoCarlos Alberto Pereira TerritorioCoordinate18°46′54″S 45°30′21″W18°46′54″S, 45°30′21″W (Biquinhas) Altitudine667 m s.l.m. Superficie458,948 km² Abitanti2 630[1] (2010) Densità5,73 ab./km² Altre informazioniCod. postale35621-000 a 35621-999 Prefisso37 Fuso orarioUTC-3 Codice IBGE3107000 No...