경개

경개(更改)란 채무의 요소를 변경함으로써 신채무를 성립시키고 구채무를 소멸시키는 유상계약을 말한다.[1]

민법 조문

제500조(경개의 요건, 효과) 당사자가 채무의 중요한 부분을 변경하는 계약을 한 때에는 구채무는 경개로 인하여 소멸한다.

제501조(채무자변경으로 인한 경개) 채무자의 변경으로 인한 경개는 채권자와 신채무자간의 계약으로 이를 할 수 있다. 그러나 구채무자의 의사에 반하여 이를 하지 못한다.

제502조(채권자변경으로 인한 경개) 채권자의 변경으로 인한 경개는 확정일자있는 증서로 하지 아니하면 이로써 제삼자에게 대항하지 못한다.

제503조(채권자변경의 경개와 채무자승낙의 효과) 제451조제1항의 규정은 채권자의 변경으로 인한 경개에 준용한다.

제504조(구채무불소멸의 경우) 경개로 인한 신채무가 원인의 불법 또는 당사자가 알지 못한 사유로 인하여 성립되지 아니하거나 취소된 때에는 구채무는 소멸되지 아니한다.

제505조(신채무에의 담보이전) 경개의 당사자는 구채무의 담보를 그 목적의 한도에서 신채무의 담보로 할 수 있다. 그러나 제삼자가 제공한 담보는 그 승낙을 얻어야 한다.

판례

  • 경개나 준소비대차는 모두 기존채무를 소멸케 하고 신채무를 성립시키는 계약인 점에 있어서는 동일하지만 경개에 있어서는 기존채무와 신채무와의 사이에 동일성이 없는 반면, 준소비대차에 있어서는 원칙적으로 동일성이 인정된다는 점에 차이가 있는 바, 기존채권 채무의 당사자가 그 목적물을 소비대차의 목적으로 할 것을 약정한 경우 그 약정을 경개로 볼 것인가 또는 준소비대차로 볼 것인가는 일차적으로 당사자의 의사에 의하여 결정되고 만약 당사자의 의사가 명백하지 않을 때에는 의사해석의 문제이나 특별한 사정이 없는 한 동일성을 상실함으로써 채권자가 담보를 잃고 채무자가 항변권을 잃게 되는 것과 같이 스스로 불이익을 초래하는 의사를 표시하였다고는 볼 수 없으므로 일반적으로 준소비대차로 보아야 한다[2].
  • 경개계약에 조건이 붙어 있는 이른바 조건부 경개의 경우에는 구채무의 소멸과 신채무의 성립 자체가 그 조건의 성취 여부에 걸려 있게 된다[3]

각주

  1. ↑ 용어사전-경개
  2. ↑ 89다카2957
  3. ↑ 2005다31316

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