ბერლინის ტრამვაი

თანამედროვე GT6NZ ტიპის ორმიმართულებიანი ტრავმაი
ბერლინის ტრავმაის სქემა (სექტემბერი 2015)

ბერლინის ტრავმაი (Berlin Straßenbahn), ბერლინში, გერმანია, ერთ-ერთი უძველესი ტრამვაის ქსელია მსოფლიოში და დღემდე ერთ-ერთი უდიდესია. იგი მესამე ყველაზე დიდი ტრავმაის სისტემაა მსოფლიოში, მელბურნისა და სანქტ-პეტერბურგის ტრამვაის შემდეგ. ქსელს მართავს Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe (BVG) (ბერლინის ტრანსპორტის სამსახური), რომელიც 1929 წელს დაფუძნდა. ამჟამად 1.435 მმ (სტანდარტული ლიანდაგი) ქსელში გზების სიგრძე 191,6 კმ-ია და 382 გაჩერებაა.

მოძრავი შემადგენლობა

2020 წლის მდგომარეობით ბერლინში ექსპლუატაციაშია სხვადასხვა სიგრძის 382 ტრამვაის ვაგონი. ესენია:

სპეცვაგონები

წყარო

ლიტერატურა

  • Harf Zimmermann, Hans Georg Hiller von Gaertringen: Die Bahn, die Berlin bewegt. 150 Jahre Straßenbahn. Mit Beiträgen von Laurenz Demps, Reinhard Demps, Reinhard Kraetzer und Klaus-Dietrich Matschke. Nicolai Verlag, Berlin 2015, ISBN 978-3-89479-945-8.
  • Sigurd Hilkenbach, Wolfgang Kramer: Berliner Straßenbahn-Chronik. Die Geschichte der Straßenbahn bei der BVG. Verlag GVE, Berlin 2015, ISBN 978-3-89218-150-7.
  • Arne Hengsbach: Verkehrsprobleme vor 50 Jahren. Zur Situation der ehemaligen Berliner Straßenbahn. In: Verein für die Geschichte Berlins (Hrsg.): Jahrbuch „Der Bär von Berlin“. Berlin 1975.
  • Sigurd Hilkenbach, Wolfgang Kramer, Claude Jeanmaire: Berliner Straßenbahnen. Die Geschichte der Berliner Straßenbahn-Gesellschaften seit 1865. Archiv Nr. 6. Verlag Eisenbahn, Villigen AG 1973, ISBN 3-85649-006-X.
  • Sigurd Hilkenbach, Wolfgang Kramer, Claude Jeanmaire: Berliner Straßenbahngeschichte II. Ein Bericht über die Entwicklung der Straßenbahn in Berlin nach 1920. Archiv Nr. 31. Verlag Eisenbahn, Villigen AG 1977, ISBN 3-85649-031-0.
  • Sigurd Hilkenbach, Wolfgang Kramer: Die Straßenbahnen in Berlin. 3. Auflage. alba, Düsseldorf 1994, ISBN 3-87094-351-3.
  • Sigurd Hilkenbach, Wolfgang Kramer: Die Straßenbahn der Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe (BVG-Ost/BVB) 1949–1991. 2. Auflage. transpress, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-613-71063-3.
  • Wolfgang Kramer, Heinz Jung: Linienchronik der elektrischen Straßenbahnen in Berlin bis 1945. Hrsg.: Arbeitskreis Berliner Nahverkehr e. V. Berlin 1994.
  • Wolfgang Kramer: Linienchronik der Berliner Straßenbahn 1945–1993. Hrsg.: Arbeitskreis Berliner Nahverkehr e. V. Berlin 2001.
  • Holger Orb, Tilo Schütz: Straßenbahn für ganz Berlin. Geschichte – Konzeption – Städtebau. Jaron-Verlag, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-89773-024-3.
  • Arbeitskreis Berliner Nahverkehr e. V. (Hrsg.): Berliner Verkehrsblätter. ISSN 0722-9399.
  • Verkehrsgeschichtliche Blätter e. V. (Hrsg.): Verkehrsgeschichtliche Blätter. ISSN 0232-9042.

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