ანიმიზმი

ედვარდ ტაილორი

ანიმიზმი (ლათ. anima — სული) — ზოგადად სულისა და სულიერების არსებობის რწმენა, ასევე უსულო საგნებისა და ბუნებრივი მოვლენებისათვის სულის არსებობის დაშვება.[1]

ტერმინი პირველად გამოიყენა გერმანელმა მეცნიერმა გ. შტალმა. ნაშრომში „Theoria medica“ (1708) მან ანიმიზმი დაარქვა მის სწავლებას სულის შესახებ, როგორც რაღაც უპიროვნებო ცხოვრებისეულ საწყისს, რომელიც მთელი ცოცხალი პროცესების საფუძველს წარმოადგენდა. არისტოტელეს მსგავსად შტალი სულს სხეულის მამოძრავებლად მიიჩნევდა.

1871 წელს ანთროპოლოგმა ედვარდ ტაილორმა გამოსცა წიგნი, სადაც ანთროპოლოგიაში დღეისთვის მიღებული ანიმიზმის მნიშვნელობა განმარტა: „ძირითადი დოქტრინა სულსა და ზოგადად, სხვა სულიერ არსებებზე“.

ისტორია

ანიმიზმი ჯერ კიდევ ანტიკურ ხანაში არსებობდა, ქრისტიანობის გავრცელებამდე. ადამიანებმა ჯერ ღვთაებებად აღიარეს სხვადასხვა უსულო საგანი თუ მოვლენა და შემდეგ მათი სულის არსებობის ან მათში სულის არსებობის ფაქტიც დაუშვეს. ქართულ ეთნოგრაფიულ ყოფაში არსებობდა ანიმიზმის მრავალი მაგალითი: ქვის კულტი, ხარის კულტი და სხვა.

იხილეთ აგრეთვე

ლიტერატურა

  • Adler, Margot. Drawing Down the Moon: Witches, Druids, Goddess-Worshippers, and Other Pagans in America. Penguin, 2006.
  • "Animism". The Columbia Encyclopedia. 6th ed. 2001-07. Bartleby.com. Bartleby.com Inc. (10 July 2008) დაარქივებული 9 February 2007[Date mismatch] საიტზე Wayback Machine.Category:Webarchive-ის თარგის შეტყობინებები .
  • Armstrong, Karen. A History of God: The 4,000-Year Quest of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Ballantine Books, 1994.
  • Bird-David, Nurit. 1991. "Animism Revisited: Personhood, environment, and relational epistemology", Current Anthropology 40, pp. 67–91. Reprinted in Graham Harvey (ed.) 2002. Readings in Indigenous Religions (London and New York: Continuum) pp. 72–105.

რესურსები ინტერნეტში

სქოლიო

  1. ↑ "Animism", The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, p. 72.

Read other articles:

Inversiones el ABC

Este artículo o sección necesita referencias que aparezcan en una publicación acreditada.Este aviso fue puesto el 15 de marzo de 2013. Inversiones el ABC Serie de televisiónGénero DramaGuion por Felipe ForeroGuido JácomeAlejandro Torres ReyesDirigido por Toni NaviaLilo VilaplanaProtagonistas Jéssica SanjuánJimmy VásquezConsuelo LuzardoValentina LizcanoDiana ÁngelKatherine PortoTema principal Esa plática se perdió(compuesto por Galy Galiano)Ambientación ContemporáneaBogotáPaís...

 

Laurent Gbagbo

Laurent Koudou Gbagbo Presiden Pantai Gading ke-4Masa jabatan26 Oktober 2000 – 11 April 2011*Perdana MenteriSeydou DiarraAffi N'GuessanSeydou DiarraCharles Konan BannyGuillaume Soro PendahuluRobert GuéïPenggantiAlassane Ouattara Informasi pribadiLahir31 Mei 1945 (umur 78)Gagnoa, Pantai GadingKebangsaanPantai GadingPartai politikFront Rakyat Pantai GadingSuami/istriSimone GbagboJabatan presiden itu diperdebatkan antara Ouattara dan Laurent Gbagbo dari 4 Desember 2010 sampai d...

 

Boston RFC (United States)

This article is about the rugby union club in Boston, Massachusetts. For various association football (soccer) clubs in Massachusetts and England, see Boston F.C. Rugby teamBostonFull nameBoston Rugby Football ClubUnionUSA RugbyFounded1960; 64 years ago (1960)Ground(s)Union Point Sports Complex, Weymouth, MassachusettsPresidentJoseph DolanCoach(es)Brennan Moore, Ben GlauserLeague(s)NERFU Team kit Official websitewww.brfc.org Boston Rugby Football Club (also known as BRFC) is...

Pierre Jacques Nicolas Rolland

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Rolland. Pierre Jacques Nicolas RollandBiographieNaissance 17 juin 1769BrestDécès 9 décembre 1837 (à 68 ans)Ancien 2e arrondissement de ParisNationalité françaiseActivités Ingénieur naval, ingénieur navalAutres informationsDistinctions Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur‎Chevalier de l'ordre royal et militaire de Saint-Louismodifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata Le baron Pierre-Jacques-Nicolas Rolland, né à Brest le 17 juin 1769 et ...

 

S.S. Juve Stabia

Juve StabiaLogo SS Juve StabiaNama lengkapSocietà Sportiva Juve StabiaSRLJulukanVespe (The Wasps)Berdiri1907StadionStadio Romeo Menti,Castellammare di Stabia, Italy(Kapasitas: 12,800)Ketua Francesco GiglioManajer Piero BragliaLigaSerie B 2011-20122011-12Serie B, ke-7 Kostum kandang Kostum tandang Società Sportiva Juve Stabia adalah sebuah klub sepak bola Italia, bermarkas di Castellammare di Stabia, Campania. Pertama kali didirikan pada 1907 dan telah beberapa kali didirikan kembali, terakh...

 

Night Falls on Manhattan

1996 American crime drama film Night Falls on ManhattanTheatrical release posterDirected bySidney LumetWritten bySidney LumetBased onTainted Evidenceby Robert DaleyProduced byThom MountJosh KramerJohn StarkeStarring Andy García Richard Dreyfuss Lena Olin Ian Holm James Gandolfini Colm Feore Ron Leibman CinematographyDavid WatkinEdited bySam O'SteenMusic byMark IshamProductioncompanySpelling FilmsDistributed byParamount Pictures (United States)Spelling Films International (International)Relea...

Gouvernement intérimaire syrien

Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus. Cet article doit être actualisé (août 2021). Des passages de cet article ne sont plus d’actualité ou annoncent des événements désormais passés. Améliorez-le ou discutez-en. Vous pouvez également préciser les sections à actualiser en utilisant {{section à actualiser}}. Drapeau.Emblème.Le gouvernement intérimaire syrien (ou GIS; en Arabe: الحكومة السورية المؤقتة) est un gouvern...

 

James Donaldson (classical scholar)

SirJames DonaldsonFRSEPrincipal of the University of St AndrewsIn office1886–1915Preceded byReverend John TullochSucceeded bySir John Herkless Personal detailsBorn(1831-04-26)26 April 1831Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire, ScotlandDied9 March 1915(1915-03-09) (aged 83)EducationAberdeen Grammar SchoolAlma materMarischal College, AberdeenBerlin UniversityProfessionClassical scholar, theological writer The grave of Chancellor James Donaldson and his family, St Andrews Cathedral churchyard Sir Jame...

 

Tiputini Airport

AirportTiputini AirportIATA: TPNICAO: SETISummaryAirport typePublicServesTiputiniElevation AMSL997 ft / 304 mCoordinates0°46′35″S 75°31′45″W / 0.77639°S 75.52917°W / -0.77639; -75.52917MapTPNLocation of the airport in EcuadorRunways Direction Length Surface m ft 09/27 1,100 3,609 Grass Sources: GCM[1] Google Maps[2] Tiputini Airport (IATA: TPN, ICAO: SETI) is an airport serving the Napo River village of Tiputini in Orellana Pr...

Tiga Formula Kesatuan

Sinode Dordrecht Tiga Formula Kesatuan (bahasa Inggris: Three Forms of Unity, Belanda: Drie Formulieren van Enigheidcode: nl is deprecated ) merujuk pada tiga dokumen teologis yang diterima oleh Sinode Dordrecht pada tahun 1618-1619 sebagai pengakuan iman Gereja Reformed. Ketiga dokumen tersebut adalah: Katekismus Heidelberg, ditulis oleh Zacharias Ursinus dan Caspar Olevianus pada tahun 1563. Pengakuan Iman Belgia, disusun oleh Guido de Brès pada tahun 1561. Pasal-Pasal Ajaran Dordrecht...

 

I Saw the Light (Hank Williams song)

1948 single by Hank Williams With His Drifting CowboysI Saw the LightSingle by Hank Williams With His Drifting CowboysB-sideSix More Miles (To the Graveyard)PublishedNovember 16, 1948 Acuff-Rose Publications[1]ReleasedSeptember 1948RecordedApril 21, 1947[2]StudioCastle Studio, Nashville[3]GenreHillbilly Country blues, gospelLength2:45LabelMGMSongwriter(s)Hank WilliamsProducer(s)Fred RoseHank Williams With His Drifting Cowboys singles chronology I'm a Long Gone Daddy (1...

 

Simurq PIK

Football clubSimurq PIKFull nameSimurq Peşəkar Idman KlubuNickname(s)Simurqlar (The Phoenixes)Founded2005; 19 years ago (2005)Dissolved2015; 9 years ago (2015)GroundZaqatala City Stadium,Zaqatala, AzerbaijanCapacity3,500LeagueAzerbaijan Premier League2014–155thWebsiteClub website Home colours Away colours Current season Simurq PIK (Azerbaijani: Simurq Peşəkar Idman Klubu) was an Azerbaijani football club based in Zaqatala, that competed in the Azerbai...

Rene Kokk

Estonian politician Rene KokkMinister of the EnvironmentIn office29 April 2019 – 7 November 2020Prime MinisterJüri RatasPreceded bySiim Valmar KiislerSucceeded byRain Epler Personal detailsBorn (1980-03-04) 4 March 1980 (age 44)Rapla, Estonia[1]Political partyConservative People's Party of EstoniaAlma materEstonian University of Life Sciences[1] Rene Kokk (born 4 March 1980) is an Estonian politician. He served as Minister of the Environment in the second cabi...

 

Harbour Law

British-bred Thoroughbred racehorse Harbour LawRacing silks of Jackie CornwellSireLawmanGrandsireInvincible SpiritDamAbunaiDamsirePivotalSexStallionFoaled30 March 2013[1]CountryIrelandColourBayBreederHascombe and Valiant StudsOwnerJackie Cornwell, Daniel Danny LeeTrainerJo CrowleyLaura MonganRecord8: 3-2-1Earnings£474,481Major winsSt Leger Stakes (2016) Harbour Law (foaled 30 March 2013) is a British Thoroughbred racehorse. Unraced as a two-year-old he showed steady improvement in 20...

 

Business Process Model and Notation

Graphical representation for specifying business processes This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) A major contributor to this article appears to have a close connection with its subject. It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia's content policies, particularly neutral point of view. Please discuss further on the talk page. (February 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this...

Golf at the 1900 Summer Olympics

Golf at the Olympics Golfat the Games of the II OlympiadVenueCompiègne Club, CompiègneDate2–3 October 1900CompetitorsMore than 22 from 4 nations1904 → Part of a series on Golf at the 1900 Summer Olympics Events Individual menwomen vte The 1900 Summer Olympics took place in Paris, France. Two of the golf events that were contested in early October at the Compiègne Club, Compiègne as part of the Exposition Universelle, the men's and women's individual stroke play comp...

 

Marco Di Vaio

Marco Di VaioDi Vaio nel 2013Nazionalità Italia Altezza179 cm Peso78 kg Calcio RuoloAttaccante Termine carriera25 ottobre 2014 CarrieraGiovanili 1991-1995 Lazio Squadre di club1 1993-1995 Lazio8 (3)1995-1996→  Verona7 (1)1996-1997→  Bari27 (3)1997-1999 Salernitana67 (33)1999-2002 Parma83 (41)2002-2004 Juventus55 (18)2004-2006 Valencia35 (11)2006-2007 Monaco29 (8)2007-2008 Genoa44 (12)2008-2012 Bologna143 (65)2012-2014 Montr...

 

Positional voting

Class of ranked-choice electoral systems This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Positional voting – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (M...

Fiat Chrysler Australia

Automobile manufacturer This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Fiat Chrysler Australia – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this message) FCA AustraliaLogo for Stellantis, used by the company after the mergerFiat and Ram Trucks dealerships in W...

 

Fair cake-cutting

Fair division problem If a cake with a selection of toppings is simply cut into equal slices, different people will receive different amounts of its toppings, and some may not regard this as a fair division of the cake. Fair cake-cutting is a kind of fair division problem. The problem involves a heterogeneous resource, such as a cake with different toppings, that is assumed to be divisible – it is possible to cut arbitrarily small pieces of it without destroying their value. The resource ha...