Kalsiyum

Kalsium,  20Ca
General properties
Wujudputih asemu pérak
Bobot atom standar (Ar, standard)40.078(4)[1]
Kalsium in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
Mg
↑
Ca
↓
Sr
kalium ← kalsium → skandium
Atomic number (Z)20
Groupgroup 2 (alkaline earth metals)
Periodperiod 4
Bloks-block
Konfigurasi èlèktron[Ar] 4s2
Electrons per shell
2, 8, 8, 2
Sipat angga
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point1115 K ​(842 °C, ​1548 °F)
Boiling point1757 K ​(1484 °C, ​2703 °F)
Density (near r.t.)1,55 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)1,378 g/cm3
Heat of fusion8,54 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization154,7 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity25,929 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 864 956 1071 1227 1443 1755
Atomic properties
Oxidation states2 ​oksida basa kuwat
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1,00
Ionization energies
Atomic radiusempirical: 180 pm
calculated: 194 pm
Covalent radius174 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines
Miscellanea
Crystal structure ​kubik mawa punjer muka
Speed of sound thin rod3810 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion22,3 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity201 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity33,6 n Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetik
Young's modulus20 GPa
Shear modulus7,4 GPa
Bulk modulus17 GPa
Poisson ratio0,31
Mohs hardness1,75
Brinell hardness167 MPa
CAS Number7440-70-2
Main isotopes of kalsium
Iso­tope Abun­dance Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct
40Ca 96,941% Ca stabil kanthi 20 neutron
41Ca syn 1,03×105 taun ε - 41K
42Ca 0,647% Ca stabil kanthi 22 neutron
43Ca 0,135% Ca stabil kanthi 23 neutron
44Ca 2,086% Ca stabil kanthi 24 neutron
45Ca syn 162,7 hari β- 0,258 45Sc
46Ca 0,004% >2,8×1015 taun β-β- ? 46Ti
47Ca syn 4,536 hari β- 0,694, 1,99 47Sc
γ 1.297 -
48Ca 0,187% >4×1019 taun β-β- ? 48Ti
| references | in Wikidata

Kalsium (calcium (Ca)), iku unsur élemèn kimia, salah sawijiné logam alkalin bumi saka golongan 2 (IIa) ing tabel periodik.[2] Kalsium iku unsur logam kang akèh dhéwé sajeroning awak manungsa lan élemèn kalima kang akèh dhéwé ing kerak Bumi.[2]

Kalsium lan manungsa

Kalsium yaiku nutrisi kanggo balung.[3] Kira-kira 99% kalsium ana ing njero jaringan keras yaiku balung lan untu.[3] 1% kalsium ana ing getih, lan jaringan lunak.[3] tanpa kalsium kang 1% iki, otot ngalami gangguan kontraksi, getih angèl mbeku, tranmisi saraf ana masalah, lan sapituruté.[3] kanggé njangkepi 1% kabetahan iki, awak njupuk panganan kang dipangan saka balung.[3] Upama panganan kang dipangan ora cukup, mangka dijupuk saka balung.[3] saé ngga balung bisa diarani cadangan kalsium.[3] Upama kadadéan iki selang wektuné suwé, mangka balung bakal ngalami keropos balung.[3] Kalsium zat kang dibutuhaké saka bayi nganti tuwa.[4] Cacahé kabutuhan kalsium dibedakaké miturut jinis kelamin lan umur.[4] Miturut dhokter gizi, kabutuhan wong-wong Indonésia iku antarané 500-800 mg/ dina.[4] Wektu wong kang wis tuwa lan wadon ménopause disaranke ngombé asupan kalsium 1000 mg /dina.[4]

Cathetan suku

  1. ↑ Meija, J.; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
  2. ↑ a b Britannica (diaksès tanggal 19 Mèi 2011)
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h Kamus Ilmiah Archived 2011-05-25 at the Wayback Machine. (diakses tanggal 12 Mèi 2011)
  4. ↑ a b c d seputarwida.multiply.com Archived 2011-10-15 at the Wayback Machine. (diakses tanggal 12 Mèi 2011)