脚橋被蓋核

脳: 脚橋被蓋核
名称
日本語 脚橋被蓋核
英語 Pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, pudunculopontine nucleus
ラテン語 Nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontinus
略号 PPTN, PPN, PPTg
関連構造
上位構造 脳幹、下位脳幹、網様体、上行性網様賦活系（=機能的区分）
構成要素 Ch5細胞集団
関連情報
NeuroNames 関連情報一覧
NIF 総合検索
MeSH Pedunculopontine+Tegmental+Nucleus
テンプレートを表示

脚橋被蓋核[1]（きゃくきょうひがいかく pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus または pudunculopontine nucleus、PPTN、PPTg、PPN、などと略記）は、脳幹に位置する神経核。黒質の尾側、上小脳脚の近くに位置する。解剖学的には脳幹網様体の一部を、生理機能的には睡眠や覚醒に関わる上行性網様賦活系（ascending reticular activating system）の一部を成す。一方で、大脳基底核との相互連絡が強く、学習や報酬などにも関与すると考えられている。

アセチルコリン作動性ニューロン（Ch5グループとも呼ばれる）の他、グルタミン酸作動性ニューロン、GABA作動性ニューロンや、各種の神経ペプチドを産生するニューロンなどが混在する[2]。

脚橋被蓋核ニューロンは広範な投射を示す。その投射先は、黒質緻密部、腹側被蓋野、視床下核など大脳基底核の構成要素や、視床[3]、脊髄、橋、脳幹網様体、運動性三叉神経核、前脳基底部、などである。

脚橋被蓋核への入力は、黒質、淡蒼球、視床下核、大脳新皮質運動野などからのものを含む[1]。

神経繊維の入出力関係などから、脚橋被蓋核は黒質の進化的祖先であるとする見方がある。哺乳類以外の脊椎動物では脚橋被蓋核はドーパミン作動性ニューロンを含み、古線条体へ投射するからである[4]。哺乳類においても黒質はドーパミンと脚橋被蓋核はアセチルコリンという大きな違いはあるが、解剖学的な構築が類似しているとする見方がある[1]。

脚注

  1. ^ a b c Winn, P. (2006). “How best to consider the structure and function of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus: Evidence from animal studies”. J Neurol Sci 248 (1-2): 234-50. PMID 16765383. 
  2. ^ “Pedunculopontine nucleus and basal ganglia: distant relatives or part of the same family?”. Trends Neurosci. 27 (10): 585-8. (2004). PMID 15374668. 
  3. ^ Erro E, Lanciego JL, Gimenez-Amaya JM. (1999). “Relationships between thalamostriatal neurons and pedunculopontine projections to the thalamus: a neuroanatomical tract-tracing study in the rat.”. Exp Brain Res 127 (2): 162-170. PMID 10442408. 
  4. ^ Lohman AH, van Woerden-Verkley I. (1978). “Ascending connections to the forebrain in the Tegu lizard”. J Comp Neurol 182 (3): 555-574. PMID 721969. 

外部リンク

スタブアイコン

この項目は、医学に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めています（プロジェクト:医学／Portal:医学と医療）。

Read other articles:

Ejup Maqedonci

Ejup Maqedonci (lahir 9 Mei 1977) adalah perwira karir dan kolonel Albania Kosovo, yang menjabat sebagai Menteri Pertahanan Kosovo sejak 8 Agustus 2023.Ejup MaqedonciEjup-maqedonci Tahun 2023Lahir9 Mei 1977 (umur 46)Pristina, POS Kosovo, RSF YugoslaviaPengabdian KosovoDinas/cabangTentara Pembebasan KosovoKorps Perlindungan KosovoPasukan Keamanan KosovoLama dinas1998–1999, 1999–2009, 2009–SekarangPangkatKolonelPerang/pertempuranPerang KosovoLahir di Pristina, Kosovo, Maqed...

 

Engelbert I

Santo dan martir Engelbert dari Köln Patung Uskup Agung Engelbert di Puri Burg Comte Engelbert II dari Berg, juga dikenal sebagai Santo Engelbert, Engelbert dari Köln, Engelbert I atau Engelbert I dari Berg (1185 atau 1186, Schloss Burg – 7 November 1225, Gevelsberg) merupakan seorang Uskup Agung dan Santo;[a] ia terkenal karena dibunuh oleh anggota keluarganya sendiri. Catatan ^ The description Engelbert I of Berg can refer either to Count Engelbert I of Berg or to the subject of...

 

Kota Beradab Nasional

Iklan publik yang ditempel di tembok bertuliskan Menciptakan Kota Beradab, Membangun Rumah Beradab Bersama, di Guilin, Guangxi. Kota Beradab Nasional merupakan predikat yang dianugerahkan kepada kota-kota yang ada di Tiongkok Daratan, setelah dievaluasi secara komprehensif oleh Komite Pusat Pengarah Pembangunan Peradaban Tiongkok.[1] Hingga 10 November 2020, sebanyak 284 kota, county dan distrik di Tiongkok telah meraih predikat sebagai Kota Beradab Nasional.[2] Definisi Krite...

Bibiana Steinhaus

Bibiana Steinhaus Bibiana Steinhaus (lahir 24 Maret 1979) adalah wasit sepakbola Jerman yang bermarkas di Langenhagen. Dia menjadi wasit untuk MTV Engelbostel-Schulenburg dari Lower Saxony Football Association. Karier wasit Steinhaus meresmikan pertandingan testimonial Birgit Prinz pada 2012. Sebelum menjadi wasit seperti ayahnya, Steinhaus bermain sebagai pesepakbola untuk SV Bad Lauterberg.[1] Steinhaus menjadi wasit dari klub MTV Engelbostel-Schulenburg, dan mulai memimpin pada lev...

 

Leave Me Alone (Michael Jackson song)

1989 single by Michael JacksonLeave Me AloneSingle by Michael Jacksonfrom the album Bad B-sideHuman Nature (album version)[1]ReleasedFebruary 13, 1989 (1989-02-13)[1]Recorded1985–1986[1]StudioWestlake Recording Studios (studio D), Los Angeles[1]GenreFunkLength4:40Label Epic CBS Songwriter(s)Michael JacksonProducer(s) Quincy Jones Michael Jackson (co-producer) Michael Jackson singles chronology Smooth Criminal (1988) Leave Me Alone (1989) Liber...

 

Culture de Niue

Cet article est une ébauche concernant Niue. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. La culture de Niue ou culture niuéenne regroupe l'ensemble des productions passées et présentes issue de traditions de l'île de Niue ou de personnes originaires de ce micro-État du Pacifique. Langue Niue a une langue autochtone, le niuéen. L'anglais y est également parlé. Arts traditionnels Niue appartient à l'...

JKT48 Sparkling Concert Tour

JKT48 Sparkling Concert TourTur Konser oleh JKT48Poster Promosi Konser JKT48 Sparkling Concert Tour di Malang oleh InsbreakLokasiIndonesiaMulai29 September 2013 (2013-09-29)Putaran6PenampilanBanjarmasin Batam Medan Bandung Malang PadangSitus webWebsite Resmi JKT48Kronologi konser JKT48 Perkenalkan, Nama Kami JKT48 (2013) JKT48 Sparkling Concert Tour (2013) JKT48 Live in Concert, Mengarungi Samudra Nusantara Mengetuk Pintu Hatimu (2014 - 2015) JKT48 Sparkling Concert Tour merupakan konser...

 

Canon L lens

Not to be confused with Leica L-Mount.This article contains weasel words: vague phrasing that often accompanies biased or unverifiable information. Such statements should be clarified or removed. (March 2009) The 70-200 mm f/2.8L lens Canon's series of L lenses (Luxury lenses) are a professional line of photography lenses made by Canon. Canon has sold zoom and prime L-series lenses for the discontinued FD lens mount, for the current EF lens mount used on all Canon EOS SLR cameras and for the ...

 

San Francisco Public Utilities Commission

American local government agency San Francisco Public Utilities Commission (SFPUC)SFPUC logoAgency overviewFormed1932JurisdictionCity and County of San FranciscoHeadquarters525 Golden Gate Ave., San Francisco, CA 94102Employees~2,800Annual budget$816.5m USD (2011-12)Agency executiveDennis J. Herrera, General ManagerWebsitesfpuc.org The San Francisco Public Utilities Commission (SFPUC) is a public agency of the City and County of San Francisco that provides water, wastewater, and electric powe...

هنود

هنودمعلومات عامةنسبة التسمية الهند التعداد الكليالتعداد قرابة 1.21 مليار[1][2]تعداد الهند عام 2011ق. 1.32 مليار[3]تقديرات عام 2017ق. 30.8 مليون[4]مناطق الوجود المميزةبلد الأصل الهند البلد الهند  الهند نيبال 4,000,000[5] الولايات المتحدة 3,982,398[6] الإمار...

 

Music Man (company)

American guitar and bass guitar manufacturerThis article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Music Man company – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message)Music ManCompany typeSubsidiaryIndustryMusical instrumentsFounded1974; 50 year...

 

Vivienne Segal

Vivienne SegalLahirVivienne Sonia Segal(1897-04-19)19 April 1897Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, A.S.Meninggal29 Desember 1992(1992-12-29) (umur 95)Beverly Hills, California, A.S.KebangsaanAmerikaPekerjaanPenyanyi, AktrisTahun aktif1912–1966Suami/istriRobert Ames (m.1923–div.1926)Hubbell Robinson, Jr. (m.1950–1974, his death)PenghargaanDonaldson Award Vivienne Sonia Segal (19 April 1897 – 29 September 1992) adalah seorang aktris dan penyanyi asal Amerika.[1]...

O. M. Wozencraft

American physician Oliver Meredith WozencraftBornJuly 26, 1814Clermont County, Ohio, USDiedNovember 22, 1887Washington, D.C., USOccupation(s)Physician, United States Indian Agent, Land DeveloperSpouseLamiza A. RamseyChildren7 Oliver M. Wozencraft (July 26, 1814 – November 22, 1887) was a prominent early American settler in California. He had substantial involvement in negotiating treaties between California Native American Indian tribes and the United States of America.[1][2...

 

In the Heat of the Night (álbum de Pat Benatar)

In the Heat of the NightÁlbum de Pat BenatarPublicación 1979Género(s) RockDuración 29:53Discográfica Chrysalis RecordsProductor(es) Mike Chapman, Peter ColemanCalificaciones profesionales Allmusic link Cronología de Pat Benatar In the Heat of the Night Crimes of Passion(1980) Sencillos de In the Heat of the Night «Heartbreaker»Publicado: 1979 «I Need a Lover»Publicado: 1980 «We Live for Love»Publicado: 1980 [editar datos en Wikidata] In the Heat of the Night es el álbum...

 

Cook Islands at the 2016 Summer Olympics

Sporting event delegationCook Islands at the2016 Summer OlympicsFlag of the Cook IslandsIOC codeCOKNOCCook Islands Sports and National Olympic CommitteeWebsitewww.oceaniasport.com/cookisin Rio de JaneiroCompetitors9 in 5 sportsFlag bearer Ella Nicholas[1]Medals Gold 0 Silver 0 Bronze 0 Total 0 Summer Olympics appearances (overview)1988199219962000200420082012201620202024 Cook Islands competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. This w...

Altamont, Manitoba

Place in Manitoba, CanadaAltamontAltamontLocation of Altamont in ManitobaCoordinates: 49°23′55″N 98°29′50″W / 49.39861°N 98.49722°W / 49.39861; -98.49722Country CanadaProvince ManitobaRegionPembina ValleyCensus DivisionNo. 4Government • MPBranden Leslie • MLALauren StoneTime zoneUTC−6 (CST) • Summer (DST)UTC−5 (CDT)Postal CodeR0G 0A0Area code204NTS Map062G08GNBC CodeGAAPS Altamont is an unincorporated commu...

 

WNOS

Radio station WNOSNew Bern, North CarolinaFrequency1450 kHzBrandingNEWS Talk 103.9 FM 1450 AMProgrammingFormatNews/Talk/SportsAffiliationsFox Sports Radio, Westwood One, ABC Radio, Wall Street Journal, Talk Radio NetworkOwnershipOwnerCTC Media GroupHistoryFirst air date1942 (as WHIT)Former call signsWHIT (1942-?)WJQI (?-1988)Technical informationFacility ID54363ClassCPower1,000 wattsTransmitter coordinates35°06′03″N 77°04′33″W / 35.10083°N 77.07583°W / 35.1...

 

Management accounting principles

Management accounting case Part of a series onAccounting Historical costConstant purchasing powerManagementTax Major typesAuditBudgetCostForensicFinancialFundGovernmentalManagementSocialTax Key conceptsAccounting periodAccrualConstant purchasing powerEconomic entityFair valueGoing concernHistorical costMatching principleMaterialityRevenue recognitionUnit of account Selected accountsAssetsCashCost of goods soldDepreciation / Amortization (business)EquityExpensesGoodwillLiabilitiesProf...

Johnson County, Texas

County in Texas, United States Not to be confused with Johnson City, Texas. County in TexasJohnson CountyCountyThe Johnson County CourthouseLocation within the U.S. state of TexasTexas's location within the U.S.Coordinates: 32°23′N 97°22′W / 32.38°N 97.36°W / 32.38; -97.36Country United StatesState TexasFounded1854SeatCleburneLargest cityBurlesonArea • Total734 sq mi (1,900 km2) • Land725 sq mi (1,880&#...

 

Literature about intersex

Intersex topics Human rights and legal issues Compulsory sterilization Discrimination Human rights reports Legal recognition Malta declaration Medical interventions Sex assignment Sex characteristics (legal term) Yogyakarta Principles Medicine and biology Disorders of sex development Genetic diagnosis Definitions Medical interventions history Orchidometer Phall-O-Meter Prader scale Quigley scale Sexual differentiation more... Society and culture Endosex (antonym) Civil society organizations F...