権限(けんげん、英語: Authority)とは、ある事柄についての権利を指す。行政法では国および公共団体の機関が、その取扱う事務につき地域的・内容的・属人的に限界付けられている範囲をいう。民法では代理の範囲を指すことが多い。
権限の委任は、行政庁が、権限の一部を他の機関に委譲し行使させるので、権限の所在は委任庁から受任機関に移り、委任した行政庁はその権限を失い、受任機関が自己の名において権限を行使する[1][2][3][4][5]。
上級の行政庁は、下級の行政庁に委任した場合でも、下級の行政庁を指揮監督できる[注釈 1][5][6]。
法令の根拠が必要であり[1][2][3]、その権限の一部に限って行うことができる[4][5]。
権限の所在は変更されず、権限に係る行為は代理人の名をもって行われる[2][4]。授権によって代理関係が生じる授権代理と一定の法定要件事実の発生により法上当然に代理関係が生じる法定代理とがある[4][5]。
行政機関の権限の全部又は一部を、他の行政機関が代わって行使する[5]。
権限の一部について行われる。
この項目は、法分野に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めています(P:法学/PJ:法学)。
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