劉通 (東平)

劉 通（りゅう つう、? - 1256年）は、金朝末期からモンゴル帝国初期にかけて活躍した人物。字は仲達。東平府斉河県の出身。

概要

金末の混乱期に東平地方で厳実が軍閥を築くとこれに従い、濮州・曹州・相州・潞州・定陶・楚丘の平定に功績を挙げたという。1220年（庚辰）に厳実がモンゴル帝国に服属すると[1]東アジア方面軍を率いるムカリに劉通を推薦し、劉通は鎮国上将軍・左副都元帥・済南府知府・徳州総管・行軍千戸の地位を授けられた[2][3]。また、オゴデイ・カアンの即位後には「上千戸」の地位に昇格となっているが、これは従来漢人世侯が自称してきた称号と違ってモンゴル帝国が公認するもので、同じく厳実の部下であった張晋亨・石天禄・趙天錫・斉珪らも同時期に千戸の地位を授けられた記録がある[4]。

後に南宋を主君と奉じる彭義斌が大名を中心に勢力を拡大すると、劉通の拠る斉河城も攻撃を受けた。彭義斌率いる軍団は夜半に城壁を上り始めたが、劉通と側近の者たちが鼓を鳴らしながら進んだために兵は驚き、多くが城壁から落ちて堀で溺死してしまった。翌日、彭義斌の軍勢は潰走し、彭義斌は僅か数騎を率いて逃れたという。1237年（丁酉）には徳州等処二万戸軍民総管の地位に移ったが[2]、1256年（丙辰）に亡くなった[5]。死後、息子の劉復亨が地位を継いだ[6]。

脚注

  1. ^ 愛宕1988,48頁
  2. ^ a b 安部 1972, p. 19.
  3. ^ 『元史』巻152列伝39劉通伝,「劉通字仲達、東平斉河人也。初従厳実来帰、継従収濮・曹・相・潞・定陶・楚丘。実薦于太師木華黎、以通為斉河総管、尋授鎮国上将軍・左副都元帥・済南知府・徳州総管・行軍千戸。太宗錫金符、陞上千戸」
  4. ^ 井戸 1982, p. 41-42.
  5. ^ 『元史』巻152列伝39劉通伝,「宋将彭義斌攻斉河城、率衆夜登、通与六七人鼓譟而進、宋人驚懼、墜溺死者甚衆。明日復合、囲城三匝、通令守陴者植槊如櫛、俄従撤去、宋人懼其向己也、大潰、義斌僅以数騎免。歳丁酉、遷徳州等処二万戸軍民総管。歳丙辰卒」
  6. ^ 『元史』巻152列伝39劉通伝,「子復亨、襲為行軍千戸、従厳実略安豊・通・泰・淮・濠・泗・蘄・黄・安慶諸州。憲宗西征、復亨摂万戸、統東平軍馬攻釣魚山苦竹寨、有功、師還、兼徳州軍民総管。中統元年、奉旨戍和林、還、授虎符、進武衛軍副都指揮使。李璮叛、遣使招復亨、復亨立斬之。時遣兵討賊、集済南、乏食、復亨尽出其私蓄以済師、世祖嘉之、賜白金五千両、復亨固辞。至元二年、進左翼侍衛親軍都指揮使。四年、遷右翼。九年、加昭勇大将軍・鳳州等処経略使。十年、遷征東左副都元帥、統軍四万・戦船九百、征日本、与倭兵十万遇、戦敗之。還、招降淮南諸郡邑。十二年、授昭信路総管。十四年、遷黄州宣慰使。十五年、改太平路総管、俄授鎮国上将軍、為淮西道宣慰使都元帥。二十年、加奉国上将軍。三月、卒」

参考文献

  • 安部健夫『元代史の研究』創文社〈東洋學叢書〉、1972年。doi:10.11501/12185117。全国書誌番号:73006578。https://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/12185117。 
  • 井戸一公「元朝侍衛親軍の成立」『九州大学東洋史論集』第10巻、九州大学文学部東洋史研究会、1982年3月、26-58頁、CRID 1390853649694060032、doi:10.15017/24543、hdl:2324/24543、ISSN 0286-5939。 
  • 愛宕松男『東洋史学論集　4巻』三一書房、1988年
  • 『元史』巻152列伝39劉通伝
  • 『新元史』巻143列伝40劉通伝
真定史氏
本拠：真定路(トルイ・ウルス領)　
一族
家臣
順天張氏
本拠：順天路(チンギス大オルド領)
一族
家臣
済南張氏
本拠：済南路(カチウン・ウルス領)
一族
家臣
東平厳氏
本拠：東平路(ムカリ国王家ほか領)
一族
家臣
益都李氏
本拠：益都路(オッチギンウルス領)
西京劉氏
本拠：西京路(オゴデイ・ウルス領)
徳州劉氏
本拠：徳州(ジュルチェデイ郡王領)
その他
河北
山西
山東
討伐対象
モンゴルに降ったが、叛乱を起こして討伐された世侯
関連項目
  • 太字は漢人世侯の四大軍閥

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