いっかくじゅう座T星

いっかくじゅう座T星
T Monocerotis[1]
仮符号・別名 HD 44990[1]
星座 いっかくじゅう座
見かけの等級 (mv) 5.98[1]
（変光）5.58 - 6.62[2]
変光星型 古典的セファイド変光星 (DCEP) [1][2]
分類 古典的セファイド[1]
位置
元期:J2000.0
赤経 (RA, α)  06h 25m 12.9996760928s[3]
赤緯 (Dec, δ) +07° 05′ 08.558582872″[3]
視線速度 (Rv) 29.34 km/s
固有運動 (μ) 赤経: 0.846 ミリ秒/年[3]
赤緯: -3.025 ミリ秒/年[3]
年周視差 (π) 0.7141 ± 0.0517ミリ秒[3]
（誤差7.2%）
距離 4600 ± 300 光年[注 1]
（1400 ± 100 パーセク[注 1]）
絶対等級 (MV) -4.8[注 2]
いっかくじゅう座T星の位置
物理的性質
スペクトル分類 G3Iabv+A0p[1]
色指数 (B-V) 1.22[4]
色指数 (U-B) 1.04[4]
色指数 (R-I) 0.65[4]
他のカタログでの名称
BD +07 1273[1], HIP 30541[1], HR 2310, Gaia EDR3 3324535073449061504[3]
■Template （■ノート ■解説） ■Project

いっかくじゅう座T星（いっかくじゅうTせい、T Monocerotis、T Mon）は、太陽系から見ていっかくじゅう座の方向約4,600光年にある恒星で6等星[1]。「古典的セファイド」に分類される脈動変光星で、約27日の周期で5.58等から6.62等の範囲で変光する[2]。

物理的特徴

古典的セファイドで黄色超巨星の主星とA型特異星と見られる伴星からなる連星系である[5]。1999年には、ハッブル宇宙望遠鏡と国際紫外線天文衛星 (英: International Ultraviolet Explorer) による観測から、伴星自体が連星系を成す三重連星である可能性も示唆されている[5]。

1872年に、アルゼンチンのコルドバでベンジャミン・グールドによって発見された[6][7]。1881年、エドワード・ピッカリングはアルゴルに似た変光周期の短い変光星としてケフェウス座δ星、ふたご座ζ星、わし座η星、こと座β星[注 3]とともにこの星を例に挙げている[6][8]。19世紀当時は食変光星以外の変光のメカニズムが知られていなかったが、絶えず明るさが変化するという点がアルゴルとは異なることが着目された[8]。20世紀に入った1903年には、イギリスの天文学者アグネス・クラークによって、アルゴルと同じく周期が10日未満と短いが、絶えず明るさが変化している変光星の分類として「セファイド (Cepheids) 」という分類が提案され[8]、いっかくじゅう座T星もセファイドに分類された。これらセファイドの変光が恒星の脈動によって起こるとする説が出されたのは、さらに後年の1914年、ハーロー・シャプレーによってであった[9]。

脚注

[脚注の使い方]

注釈

  1. ^ a b パーセクは1 ÷ 年周視差（秒）より計算、光年は1÷年周視差（秒）×3.2615638より計算
  2. ^ 視等級 + 5 + 5×log（年周視差（秒））より計算。小数第1位まで表記
  3. ^ ただし、こと座β星は脈動変光星ではなかった。のちに、食変光星の分類の1つ「こと座β型変光星」のプロトタイプとされる。

出典

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i “V* T Mon -- Classical Cepheid (delta Cep type)”. SIMBAD Astronomical Database. CDS. 2021年9月6日閲覧。
  2. ^ a b c Samus’, N. N.; Kazarovets, E. V.; Durlevich, O. V.; Kireeva, N. N.; Pastukhova, E. N. (2017). “General catalogue of variable stars: Version GCVS 5.1”. Astronomy Reports 61 (1): 80-88. Bibcode: 2017ARep...61...80S. doi:10.1134/S1063772917010085. ISSN 1063-7729. https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-ref=VIZ613538431d7221&-out.add=.&-source=B/gcvs/gcvs_cat&recno=29089. 
  3. ^ a b c d e f Gaia Collaboration. “Gaia data early release 3 (Gaia EDR3)”. VizieR On-line Data Catalog: I/350. Bibcode: 2020yCat.1350....0G. https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-ref=VIZ613537261d3caf&-out.add=.&-source=I/350/gaiaedr3&-c=096.30416910585%20%2B07.08569727313,eq=ICRS,rs=2&-out.orig=o. 
  4. ^ a b c Hoffleit, D.; Warren, W. H., Jr. (1995-11). “Bright Star Catalogue, 5th Revised Ed.”. VizieR On-line Data Catalog: V/50. Bibcode: 1995yCat.5050....0H. https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-ref=VIZ5a76628e9487&-out.add=.&-source=V/50/catalog&recno=2310. 
  5. ^ a b Evans, Nancy Remage; Carpenter, Kenneth; Robinson, Richard; Massa, Derck; Wahlgren, Glenn M.; Vinko, Jozsef; Szabados, Laszlo (1999-10-10). “Toward an Orbit for the High‐Luminosity Cepheid T Monocerotis”. The Astrophysical Journal (American Astronomical Society) 524 (1): 379–393. Bibcode: 1999ApJ...524..379E. doi:10.1086/307810. ISSN 0004-637X. 
  6. ^ a b Pickering, Edward C. (1881). “Variable stars of short period”. The Observatory 4: 225-231. Bibcode: 1881Obs.....4..225P. ISSN 0029-7704. 
  7. ^ Pickering, Edward C. (1886). “Observations of Variable Stars in 1886”. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (American Academy of Arts & Sciences) 22: 380-395. doi:10.2307/25129874. ISSN 0199-9818. 
  8. ^ a b c 竹内峯 2008, p. 5.
  9. ^ 竹内峯 2008, pp. 6–7.

参考文献

  • 竹内峯『脈動変光星の発見』〈変光星ノート〉2008年1月。 

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