N-Myc

MYCN
識別子
記号MYCN, MODED, N-myc, NMYC, ODED, bHLHe37, v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene neuroblastoma derived homolog, MYCN proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor, MYCNsORF, MYCNsPEP
外部IDOMIM: 164840 MGI: 97357 HomoloGene: 3922 GeneCards: MYCN
遺伝子の位置 (ヒト)
2番染色体 (ヒト)
染色体2番染色体 (ヒト)[1]
2番染色体 (ヒト)
MYCN遺伝子の位置
MYCN遺伝子の位置
バンドデータ無し開始点15,940,550 bp[1]
終点15,947,007 bp[1]
遺伝子の位置 (マウス)
12番染色体 (マウス)
染色体12番染色体 (マウス)[2]
12番染色体 (マウス)
MYCN遺伝子の位置
MYCN遺伝子の位置
バンドデータ無し開始点12,986,094 bp[2]
終点12,991,915 bp[2]
RNA発現パターン




さらなる参照発現データ
遺伝子オントロジー
分子機能 DNA結合
protein dimerization activity
DNA-binding transcription factor activity
血漿タンパク結合
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
キナーゼ結合
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
細胞の構成要素 クロマチン
細胞核
核小体
生物学的プロセス regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
transcription, DNA-templated
positive regulation of gene expression
遺伝子発現の負の調節
positive regulation of production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA
transcription by RNA polymerase II
cartilage condensation
positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation
positive regulation of cell population proliferation
positive regulation of cell death
肺発生
embryonic digit morphogenesis
regulation of inner ear auditory receptor cell differentiation
positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
embryonic skeletal system morphogenesis
negative regulation of astrocyte differentiation
branching morphogenesis of an epithelial tube
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process
出典:Amigo / QuickGO
オルソログ
ヒトマウス
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq
(mRNA)

NM_005378
NM_001293228
NM_001293231
NM_001293233

NM_008709

RefSeq
(タンパク質)

NP_001280157
NP_001280160
NP_001280162
NP_005369

NP_032735

場所
(UCSC)
Chr 2: 15.94 – 15.95 MbChr 2: 12.99 – 12.99 Mb
PubMed検索[3][4]
ウィキデータ
閲覧/編集 ヒト閲覧/編集 マウス

N-Mycは、ヒトではMYCN遺伝子にコードされるタンパク質である。bHLHe37(class E basic helix-loop-helix protein 37)としても知られる。

機能

MYCN遺伝子はMYCファミリーの一員であり、塩基性ヘリックスループヘリックス(bHLH)ドメインを持つ転写因子をコードする。このタンパク質は細胞核に位置し、DNAへの結合には他のbHLHタンパク質との二量体化が必要である[5]。N-Mycは胎児の脳で高度に発現しており、脳の正常な発生に重要である[6]

MYCN遺伝子領域にはN-cymまたはMYCNOSと呼ばれるアンチセンスRNAがコードされており、相補鎖から転写され、翻訳によってタンパク質産物が形成される[7]。N-MycとMYCNOSは、正常な発生過程においても腫瘍細胞においても共に調節されており、この2つの転写産物には機能的関連性がある可能性がある[8]。このアンチセンスRNAはNCYMと呼ばれるタンパク質をコードしており、ヒトとチンパンジーに特異的で、de novoに発生したものである。NCYMタンパク質はGSK3bを阻害し、MYCNの分解を防ぐ。ヒトのMYCN/NCYM対を持つトランスジェニックマウスは遠隔転移を伴う神経芽腫を示すことが多いが、こうした症状は正常なマウスでは一般的ではない。そのためNCYMは、分子的機能を獲得し、また発がんに大きな役割を果たす、de novo遺伝子として稀な例となっている[9]

臨床的意義

N-Mycの増幅や過剰発現は腫瘍形成をもたらす場合がある。N-Mycの過剰な存在はさまざまな腫瘍と関係している。最も特筆すべきものは神経芽腫であり、MYCN遺伝子の増幅を伴う患者は予後が悪い傾向にある[10][11][12]

相互作用

N-MycはMAX英語版と相互作用することが示されている[13][14]

N-MycはオーロラAによっても安定化され、分解から保護される[15]。この相互作用を標的とした薬剤が開発中であり、オーロラAのコンフォメーションを変化させるよう設計されている。オーロラAのコンフォメーション変化はN-Mycの遊離をもたらし、ユビキチン依存的な分解が引き起こされる[16]

MYCNはp53標的遺伝子の転写を変化させる。p53標的遺伝子はアポトーシス応答や細胞周期中のDNA損傷修復を調節している。このMYCN-p53相互作用は、MYCNが四量体型p53のC末端ドメインに排他的に結合することで行われている。四量体型p53のC末端ドメインへのMYCNの結合は、p53のプロモーター選択性に影響を与え、またこの領域に結合する他のコファクターに干渉する[17]

出典

  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000134323 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000037169 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ Human PubMed Reference:
  4. ^ Mouse PubMed Reference:
  5. ^ Entrez Gene: MYCN v-myc myelocytomatosis viral related oncogene, neuroblastoma derived (avian)”. 2022年12月2日閲覧。
  6. ^ “N-myc is essential during neurogenesis for the rapid expansion of progenitor cell populations and the inhibition of neuronal differentiation.”. Genes Dev. 16 (20): 2699–712. (2002). doi:10.1101/gad.1021202. PMC 187459. PMID 12381668. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC187459/. 
  7. ^ “Isolation and characterization of complementary DNA for N-cym, a gene encoded by the DNA strand opposite to N-myc.”. Cell Growth Differ. 3 (6): 385–90. (1992). PMID 1419902. 
  8. ^ MYCN opposite strand/antisense RNA [Homo sapiens]”. Entrez Gene Database. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. 2022年12月2日閲覧。
  9. ^ “NCYM, a Cis-Antisense Gene of MYCN, Encodes a De Novo Evolved Protein That Inhibits GSK3β Resulting in the Stabilization of MYCN in Human Neuroblastomas”. PLOS Genetics 10 (1): e1003996. (2014). doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003996. PMC 3879166. PMID 24391509. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3879166/. 
  10. ^ “Preferential amplification of the paternal allele of the N-myc gene in human neuroblastomas”. Nat. Genet. 4 (2): 191–4. (June 1993). doi:10.1038/ng0693-191. PMID 8102299. 
  11. ^ “N-myc amplification in multiple homogeneously staining regions in two human neuroblastomas.”. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82 (11): 3736–40. (1985). Bibcode1985PNAS...82.3736E. doi:10.1073/pnas.82.11.3736. PMC 397862. PMID 2582423. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC397862/. 
  12. ^ “Amplification of N-myc in untreated human neuroblastomas correlates with advanced disease stage.”. Science 224 (4653): 1121–4. (1984). Bibcode1984Sci...224.1121B. doi:10.1126/science.6719137. PMID 6719137. 
  13. ^ “Max: a helix-loop-helix zipper protein that forms a sequence-specific DNA-binding complex with Myc”. Science 251 (4998): 1211–7. (March 1991). Bibcode1991Sci...251.1211B. doi:10.1126/science.2006410. PMID 2006410. 
  14. ^ “Differential effects of the widely expressed dMax splice variant of Max on E-box vs initiator element-mediated regulation by c-Myc”. Oncogene 18 (15): 2489–98. (April 1999). doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1202611. PMID 10229200. 
  15. ^ “Stabilization of N-Myc is a critical function of Aurora A in human neuroblastoma”. Cancer Cell 15 (1): 67–78. (January 2009). doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2008.12.005. PMID 19111882. 
  16. ^ “Drugging MYCN through an Allosteric Transition in Aurora Kinase A.”. Cancer Cell 26 (3): 414–27. (27 August 2014). doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2014.07.015. PMC 4160413. PMID 25175806. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4160413/. 
  17. ^ “Surf the post-translational modification network of p53 regulation”. International Journal of Biological Sciences 8 (5): 672–84. (2012). doi:10.7150/ijbs.4283. PMC 3354625. PMID 22606048. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3354625/. 

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