K空間

曖昧さ回避 この項目では、核磁気共鳴画像法 (MRI) における「k空間」について説明しています。逆格子ベクトルによって構成される空間については「逆格子空間」をご覧ください。

核磁気共鳴画像法 (MRI) において、k空間（kくうかん、k-space）[注釈 1]は実空間の画像データの逆フーリエ変換である空間を指す[1]。あらかじめタイミングとパターンを厳密に定義したパルスシーケンスによりk空間上の領域を核磁気共鳴エコー信号で埋めていき、それをフーリエ変換することで位置空間画像を得る[1]。またその定義によりスキャン領域の実空間の座標軸は位置座標であるのに対し、k空間での各軸は空間周波数および位相となる。

概要

k空間を使った信号処理は1979年に Richard S. Likes が米国特許を出願する際に使用され[2]、また1983年には Stig Ljunggren[3]および Donald B. Twieg[4]によっても使われ、現在ではスキャンにかかる時間を短縮化しつつ得られる画像を高精細度化するためのデータの扱い方として広く認知されている。k空間の原点にから遠い成分ほど画像処理における「高周波成分」となることから、k空間の原点周辺をきめ細かくスキャンして高精細画像を得たり、k空間の各点を間引きして値を得て概要像をいち早く得ることも可能となる。k空間における走査順序を k-トラジェクトリー（英: k-trajectory ）と呼ぶ。

参考文献

  • 河野理「k空間の基礎と考え方」『放射線撮影分科会誌』第40巻、日本放射線技術学会、2003年、46-48頁、CRID 1390282681096226432、doi:10.18973/photographingjsrt.40.0_46、ISSN 1345-322X、2024年4月23日閲覧。 閲覧は自由

脚注

[脚注の使い方]

注釈

  1. ^ kは熱力学的温度の単位ケルビンと混同しないよう小文字である。

出典

  1. ^ a b 河野 2003, p. 46.
  2. ^ US patent 4307343, Richard S., Likes, "Moving Gradient Zeugmatography", issued 1981-12-22, assigned to ゼネラル・エレクトリック 
  3. ^ Ljunggren, Stig (16 May 1983). "A simple graphical representation of fourier-based imaging methods". en:Journal of Magnetic Resonance. en:Elsevier: 338–343.
  4. ^ Twieg, Donald B. (1983). "The k-trajectory formulation of the NMR imaging process with applications in analysis and synthesis of imaging methods" (PDF). Medical Physics. American Association of Physicists in Medicine. 10 (5): 610–621. Bibcode:1983MedPh..10..610T. doi:10.1118/1.595331. PMID 6646065. 2024年3月16日閲覧。

関連項目

  • 逆格子空間 - 同じく k-space （k空間）の用語が用いられる。

外部リンク

画像外部リンク
k空間の埋め方（走査手法）の違いによる生成画像の違い（説明ページのURL）。
上段から順次走査・上下軸低域から高域へのスウィープ・放射型走査のk空間と、それに対応する頭部縦断面画像の得られ方が併置されおり、それら実画像に「現像」した際の得られる画像との違いがわかる。
https://mri-q.com/uploads/3/4/5/7/34572113/kspace-sequential-1_orig.gif
https://mri-q.com/uploads/3/4/5/7/34572113/kspace-centric-1_orig.gif
https://mri-q.com/uploads/3/4/5/7/34572113/kspace-outward-1_orig.gif
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この項目は、医学に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めています（プロジェクト:医学／Portal:医学と医療）。

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