2の12乗根（2の12じょうこん） 2 12 {\displaystyle {\sqrt[{12}]{2}}} は、代数的無理数である。音楽理論において非常に重要であり、十二平均律における半音の周波数比を表す。歴史的にこの数はシモン・ステヴィンによって1580年（草稿、1610年に書き直し）に調律との関連で初めて提唱された[1]。
有効数字20桁の2の12乗根は1.0594630943592952646[2][3][4]である。正則連分数展開[5]によるディオファントス近似は1, 17⁄16, 18⁄17, 89⁄84, 196⁄185, 1461⁄1379, 1657⁄1564, 3118⁄2943, 7893⁄7450, 18904⁄17843 ... [6][7]である。
音程は周波数の比であるため、平均律の半音階はオクターブ（2:1の周波数比）を12等分する。
この値を中央ハ（C）の上のイ（A）音（440 Hzの周波数を持ち、A4と呼ばれる）から始まる半音階の音に連続的に適用することで、以下の音高列が得られる。
最後のA（A5: 880 Hz）は低い方のA（A4: 440 Hz）の厳密に2倍の周波数を持つ。つまり1オクターブ高い。
1636年にフランスの数学者マラン・メルセンヌによって計算された。
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