薬師恵日

薬師 恵日（くすし の えにち、生没年不詳）は、飛鳥時代の官人・医師。高句麗系渡来人・徳来（とこらい）の5世の孫。

経歴

恵日の五世の祖先である徳来は、元は高句麗人であったがのちに百済に移住[1]。さらに、雄略天皇7年（463年）雄略天皇の命令を受けて吉備上道弟君と吉備海部赤尾らが、百済に対して今来の才伎（いまきのてひと）[2]（工人）を求めた際[3]、徳来は百済から日本に渡来したという[1]。

推古天皇16年（608年）第三回遣隋使において、恵日は小野妹子に随行して隋に渡り医術を修得する[4][5][1]。留学中、618年に随の滅亡・唐の建国が起きた。推古天皇31年（623年）ともに医術を学んだ倭漢福因や学問僧の恵斉・恵光らとともに、新羅使・智洗爾に従って日本に帰国する[6]。

その後、恵日は薬師となり、ついには薬師を姓とした。舒明天皇2年（630年）第一次遣唐使にて、大使・犬上三田耜に従って再び大陸に渡る（この時の冠位は大仁）[7]。以前の恵日の建言通り、舒明天皇4年（632年）遣唐使節一行は学問僧の霊雲・旻や勝鳥養らを連れて帰国する[8]。なお、この時に帰国しなかった留学生の高向玄理・南淵請安は、舒明天皇12年（640年）になって百済・新羅の使者とともに新羅経由で帰国している[9]。

孝徳朝の白雉5年（654年）第三次遣唐使では副使に任ぜられ、みたび大陸に渡った[10]。なお、この時の冠位は大山下（従六位相当）で、以前の大仁（正五位相当）より下位になっていることから、何かの理由で降格された可能性がある[11]。

医書として、隋から『病源候論』 、唐から『千金方』 を伝えたとされる[4]。 子孫は難波薬師を氏とした。

脚注

[脚注の使い方]
  1. ^ a b c 『続日本紀』天平宝字2年4月28日条
  2. ^ あるいは、手末（たなすえ）の才伎
  3. ^ 『日本書紀』雄略天皇7年是歳条
  4. ^ a b 『ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典』
  5. ^ ただし、『日本書紀』推古天皇16年9月5日条に記載される隨行した学生や学問僧計8名の中には、高向玄理・南淵請安や旻の名前があり、また倭漢福因は後の記述で一緒に登場するが、恵日の名前は見あたらない。
  6. ^ 『日本書紀』推古天皇31年7月条
  7. ^ 『日本書紀』舒明天皇2年8月5日条
  8. ^ 『日本書紀』舒明天皇4年8月条
  9. ^ 『日本書紀』舒明天皇12年10月11日条
  10. ^ 『日本書紀』白雉5年2月条
  11. ^ 『朝日日本歴史人物事典』

参考文献


遣隋・遣唐大使
日中関係史 隋 唐
遣隋使
大使
史料
遣唐使
大使
史料

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