組頭

組頭（くみがしら）は、与頭とも表記する。

  1. 江戸時代の地方三役（村方三役）のひとつ。
  2. 江戸時代の五人組の筆頭の五人組頭のこと。
  3. 戦国時代・江戸時代における武士の編成単位（「組」）の長。

概要

村落の組頭

東日本と西日本で役割に若干の相違があると指摘されるが、身分は百姓で一般には庄屋・名主を補佐する役職である。「年寄」、「老」とも。あるいは、組合村の代表者を「組頭」と称することもあった。北海道や樺太および北方領土で組頭に相当する役職に「惣小使」や「小使」があり、蝦夷（アイヌ）の有力者が松前藩や箱館奉行の行う撫育政策（オムシャ）で任命[1]された。幕末になると惣小使は惣年寄に、小使も年寄にそれぞれ改称されている。

軍事組織の組頭

戦国・江戸時代の「組」は、領主の家ごとに違いがある。「組」とは、武士の編成単位で、本来は戦闘の単位（軍事組織）であるが、平時にも身分等級によって役が与えられ、組に編成されていた。「組頭」とは、大名の家臣団組織のなかで、組を指揮した頭のことである。

江戸幕府

関連項目

参考文献

  1. ^ 榎森進「「日露和親条約」調印後の幕府の北方地域政策について」『東北学院大学論集. 歴史と文化』第52号、東北学院大学学術研究会、2014年3月、17-37頁、CRID 1050849378500294016、ISSN 1880-8425。 
スタブアイコン

この項目は、日本の歴史に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めています（P:日本/P:歴史/P:歴史学/PJ日本史）。

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