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敬王

敬王
王朝
在位期間 前520年 - 476年
都城 成周
姓・諱
生年 不詳
没年 前476年
景王

敬王(けいおう)は、中国春秋時代の王。姓は姫、名は

生涯

周の景王の子として生まれた[1]紀元前520年11月、兄の悼王王子朝の反乱のために殺害されると、敬王が即位して、子旅氏の館に身を置いた。敬王の軍は京楚に布陣し、王子朝の拠る京を攻撃して、その西南を破壊した[2]紀元前519年、周の敬王の軍と軍は王子朝側の郊を包囲して破った。情勢の好転を受けて晋軍は本国に帰ったが、王子朝は尹氏の支援を受けて抵抗を続け、王城を占領した。敬王は単穆公劉文公の庇護を受けて劉に蒙塵した[3]

紀元前516年4月、劉文公の軍が王子朝の軍を尸氏で撃破した。7月、敬王は劉文公とともに劉を出て、渠に宿営した。敬王は褚氏に進軍し、萑谷に宿営した。さらに胥靡に入り、滑に宿営した。10月、敬王が滑で起兵し、郊に入り、尸に宿営した。11月、晋軍が王子朝側の鞏を攻め落とした。召簡公が王子朝を追放し、王子朝はに亡命した。召簡公は敬王を尸に迎え、単穆公や劉文公と盟を交わした。敬王の軍は圉沢に進軍し、隄上に宿営した。敬王は成周に入り、襄宮で盟を交わした。12月、敬王は荘宮に入った[4]

紀元前513年、京師で召伯盈と尹氏固および原伯魯の子が殺害された。王子趙車が鄻に入って反乱を起こしたが、陰不佞がこれを撃破した[5]

紀元前504年、周の儋翩が王子朝の残党を率いて、人の協力を得て成周で反乱を起こした。敬王は儋翩の乱を避けて姑蕕に滞在した[6]。翌年、儋翩は儀栗に入った。単武公劉桓公は儋翩に味方した尹氏を窮谷で撃破した。単武公と劉桓公は姑蕕の慶氏のもとから敬王を迎え、晋の籍秦が敬王を護送した。敬王は王城に入り、公族の党氏の館に滞在して、その後に荘宮で群臣の朝見を受けた[7]紀元前502年、単武公は穀城を攻撃し、劉桓公は儀栗を攻めた。さらに単武公は簡城を攻撃し、劉桓公は盂を攻め、儋翩の乱を平定した[8]

周は平王より洛邑を都城に定め王城と称していたが、敬王の代に王子朝の勢力が強い悼王までの都を避け、東(代の雒陽城、すなわち、現在の漢魏故城の辺り)に遷都した。遷都した新しい都城を成周、旧都を王城と称すようになった。

紀元前476年、敬王は死去[9]し、子の(元王)が後を継いだ[1]

脚注

  1. ^ a b 史記』周本紀
  2. ^ 春秋左氏伝』昭公22年
  3. ^ 『春秋左氏伝』昭公23年
  4. ^ 『春秋左氏伝』昭公26年
  5. ^ 『春秋左氏伝』昭公29年
  6. ^ 『春秋左氏伝』定公6年
  7. ^ 『春秋左氏伝』定公7年
  8. ^ 『春秋左氏伝』定公8年
  9. ^ 敬王の没年については諸説あり、『史記』十二諸侯年表紀元前477年説を採り、『史記』周本紀が紀元前478年説を採っている。『史記集解』所引徐広皇甫謐帝王世紀』を引いて紀元前476年説を採っている。『春秋左氏伝』には哀公19年(紀元前476年)に記事が見える。
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