教会博士

教会博士(きょうかいはかせ、ラテン語: doctor ecclesiae)は、キリスト教ローマ・カトリック教会において、聖人の中でも特に学識にすぐれ、信仰理解において偉大な業績を残した人に送られる称号。

古代世界において活躍した偉大な4人の教父

は、早くから教会博士とよばれて尊敬を受けていた。彼らは1295年に時の教皇ボニファティウス8世によって「教会博士」という称号を公式に受けた。

また、先にあげた4人を「西方の四大教会博士」といい、東方教会における三成聖者を含めた次の4人の学識深い聖人を「東方の四大教会博士」という。

16世紀になるとカトリック教会の中で、偉大な聖性を示した神学者に教会博士という称号が与えられるようになり、現在までにこの称号を受けている聖人は35名に及ぶ(うち女性は4人)。最近、教会博士の称号を受けたのは、1997年ヨハネ・パウロ2世によって贈られたリジューのテレーズ(幼きイエスの聖テレジア)である。24歳で亡くなった彼女は最年少の教会博士でもある。2012年10月7日には、教皇ベネディクト16世により、アビラのヨハネ司祭(16世紀スペイン)とビンゲンのヒルデカルト修道院長(12世紀ドイツ)が新たに加えられた。ヒルデカルトは4人目の女性教会博士である。、教皇フランシスコは、2015年2月21日にナレクの聖グレゴリオ英語版を2022年1月21日にリヨンの聖イレネオをそれぞれ「教会博士」として宣言された[1]

教会博士の一覧

脚注

  1. ^ 聖イレネオを教会博士として宣言、教皇、教令を発布”. vaticannews.va (2022年1月21日). 2022年1月22日閲覧。

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