国庫短期証券

国庫短期証券(こっこたんきしょうけん、: treasury discount bills; T-Bill; TDB)は、日本国債の一種で、日本政府が一時的に生じる資金不足を補うために発行する。償還までの期間は2か月程度、3か月、6か月、1年の4種類。割引債として発行される。

外国為替平衡操作に使われるケースも多い。しばしば証券会社のマネー・マネジメント・ファンドマネー・リザーブ・ファンドの運用に組み入れられている。

概要

1999年に前身である大蔵省証券・外国為替資金証券・食糧証券の3つが統合して政府短期証券となった。2009年2月からは政府短期証券: finance bills; FB)と割引短期国庫債券: treasury bills; TB)について、市場流通における名称を国庫短期証券に統合した。

入札の資格は日本銀行銀行証券会社生命保険会社等の金融機関に限定されていて、個人は入札・購入ともにできない。入札単位は額面1000万円である。入札によって決定した発行価格はの単位まで設定される。

税金は通常の法人所得(個人は売買できないが20.315%の申告分離課税)。償還差益(購入額と償還額の差益)および譲渡益に対して課税される。[1]

2016年1月29日に日本銀行は日銀当座預金の短期政策金利を-0.1%にしたが、国庫短期証券の利回りはこれを下回るため、2021年現在、国庫短期証券はマイナス金利になっている[2]。銀行の決済用預金は国が全額保護するが(預金保険を参照)金利は0%と国庫短期証券よりも利回りが高いため、金融機関ではない一般の個人・法人が国庫短期証券を購入するメリットはない。

脚注

外部リンク

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