リーベック閃石

曖昧さ回避 この項目では、鉱物種について説明しています。鉱物グループについては「グループ」をご覧ください。
リーベック閃石
リーベック閃石
リーベック閃石
分類 ケイ酸塩鉱物
化学式 [ ][Na2][Fe2+3Fe3+2](Si4O11)2(OH)2
結晶系 単斜晶系
へき開 2方向に完全
モース硬度 6
色 黒、濃青
比重 3.28 - 3.44
プロジェクト:鉱物／Portal:地球科学
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青石綿

リーベック閃石（学名:Riebeckite、リーベカイト）は、角閃石族に属する鉱物である。鉱物学としては、[ ][Na2][Fe2+3Fe3+2](Si4O11)2(OH)2 の組成を持つものをリーベック閃石と呼ぶ。また、類似した組成の鉱物はリーベック閃石グループに属する。化学組成としては、藍閃石のMg が Fe2+ に、Al が Fe3+ に置き換わったものである。

1888年にイエメンのソコトラ島で発見され、ドイツの探検家エミール・リーベック（ドイツ語版）にちなみ命名された[1]。

石綿

リーベック線閃石の繊維状鉱石をクロシドライト（crocidolite）と呼び、石綿の一種である青石綿として知られる天然繊維である。石綿類の中で最も毒性が強いとされ、国際労働機関 (ILO) が1986年に原則使用禁止の条約を採択、世界保健機関 (WHO) も1989年に使用禁止を勧告した。日本では1995年から使用も製造も禁止されている[2][3]。

クロシドライトに石英が浸み込んで硬くなったものを鷹目石、酸化されて茶色になったものをタイガーズアイと呼び、研磨して宝飾品として用いる。

特徴・性質

クロシドライト（青石綿）は針状に尖った繊維で、含有する酸化鉄のために青い色をしている。非常に耐酸性が強く、高強度ではあるが、クリソタイル（英語版）（白石綿）やアモサイト（茶石綿）に比べ耐熱性は同等以下である。この特質を利用して、耐酸用の紡織品、高圧管、シートガスケット、吹付け材などに用いられていた[4]。

安全性

国際がん研究機関 (IARC) により、クロシドライト（青石綿）を含む石綿は全てGroup1（ヒトに対する発癌性が認められる）に指定されている。さらに、クロシドライトは石綿類の中で最も発癌性が高く、クリソタイル（白石綿）の500倍、アモサイト（茶石綿）の100倍とも言われている[5]。

脚注

  1. ^ "Riebeckite", Mindat.org
  2. ^ アスベストとは - アスベスト関連疾患
  3. ^ アスベスト問題とその対応策
  4. ^ 石綿を用いた製品の製造と用途 - WS&H Asbestos Database
  5. ^ アスベストの物性 - 環境省

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