タニファ

タニファの絵

タニファ (Taniwha) はマオリ神話に見られる生物である。

語源

言語学的にはtaniwhaとはオセアニア祖語（英語版）での鮫の総称であるtanifaに由来する。トンガ語とニウエ語では、tenifaは大型の危険な鮫を指す。サモア語のtanifaも同様である。トケラウ語のtanifaは人間を喰らう海の怪物である。それ以外の大抵のポリネシア諸語では、鮫または魚を意味する語である[1]。

特性

巨大なクジラや竜やトカゲの様な爬虫類（ムカシトカゲやヤモリなど）や鮫の姿で描かれる場合が目立つ[2][3]。

ニュージーランドの建国神話を含むマオリ神話にも関係があるクジラ（特にミナミセミクジラ）や、ジンベイザメ等の生物から影響されたと思わしい伝承[4]や、時折漂着するイリエワニから影響を受けたと思わしい伝承がある[5]。

地形を作ったり湾や水の主であったり、部族の守護者であったり、恐ろしい怪物で水害を起こすなど、様々な側面を持つ。

その他

脚注

  1. ^ “Entries for TANIFA [OC Shark sp]” (英語). Polynesian Lexicon Project Online. 2021年6月17日閲覧。
  2. ^ Jøn, A. Asbjørn (2014). “The whale road: Transitioning from spiritual links, to whaling, to whale watching in Aotearoa New Zealand”. Australian Folklore: A Yearly Journal of Folklore Studies (University of New England) (29). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288579743 11 February 2016閲覧。. 
  3. ^ Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand - Story: Taniwha
  4. ^ New Zealand Geographic, 2019年, The whales are back
  5. ^ Taniwha Mystery Solved: Saltwater Crocodiles visit NZ? Investigate Daily Magazine
  6. ^ Basil Keane (2007年9月24日). “Taniwha - Taniwha today”. テ・アラ – ニュージーランド百科事典. ニュージーランド政府. 2024年12月4日閲覧。
スタブアイコン

この項目は、神話に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めています（PJ:神話/P:神話伝承）。

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