エリサベト

この項目では、新約聖書の登場人物について説明しています。その他のエリサベトについては「エリサベト (曖昧さ回避)」をご覧ください。

聖エリサベト
エリサベトと聖母マリア
崇敬する教派	カトリック教会、正教会、東方諸教会、聖公会、ルーテル教会
記念日	11月5日（ローマカトリック、ルーテル）、9月5日（正教会※但し多くはユリウス暦上で祝う、聖公会）
テンプレートを表示

エリサベト（ヘブライ語: אֱלִישֶׁבַע / אֱלִישָׁבַע‎／ギリシア語: Ἐλισάβετ／ラテン語: Elisabeth／英語: Elizabeth, Elisabeth／ドイツ語: Elisabet, Elisabeth／ロシア語: Елисавета）は、新約聖書の登場人物で、洗礼者ヨハネの母。名前はヘブライ語名エリシェバ（Elišévaʿ）がギリシア語に転訛したもので、エリザベス（英語）、エリザベート、エリーザベト（教会ラテン語、フランス語、ドイツ語など）といったキリスト教圏でポピュラーな女性名の由来である。エリシェバのエリはヘブライ語で「わが神」、シェバは「誓い」「維持」を意味し、エリシェバとは「わが神はわが誓い」「わが神はわが支え」という意味になる。

エリサベトは新共同訳聖書に基づく表記で、他の聖書の表記にはエリサベツ(文語訳・口語訳・新改訳)、エリザヴェタ(正教会訳)などがある。

生涯

祭司ザカリアの妻で、夫と共に忠実に律法を守っていた^[1]。ザカリアと結婚してから長い間不妊であったが、高齢になってから妊娠して、ヨハネを生んだ。イエスの母マリアとは親類の関係である。マリアが受胎告知を受け、エリサベトを訪問（「聖母の訪問」）した時に、エリサベトは聖霊によって、祝福の言葉を述べた^[2]。この時の言葉が『アヴェ・マリアの祈り』の中盤部分「あなたは女のうちで祝福されご胎内の御子イエスも祝福されています」の出典である。

脚注

^ ルカによる福音書1章6節-25節
^ ルカによる福音書1章36節、39節-45節

参考文献

「新聖書辞典」いのちのことば社、1985年

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