ウィークス多様体

数学において、ウィークス多様体(Weeks manifold)（フォメンコ・マットヴェーエフ・ウィークス多様体(Fomenko–Matveev–Weeks manifold)と呼ばれるときもある）は、ホワイトヘッドリンク（英語版）(Whitehead link)上の (5, 2) と (5, 1) のデーン手術によって得られる閉じた双曲3次元多様体である。ウィークス多様体は、約 0.9427... に近い体積を持ち、Gabai, Meyerhoff & Milley (2009) により、閉じた向き付け可能な双曲3次元多様体の最小の体積であることが示された。この多様体は、独立に、Weeks (1985) と Matveev & Fomenko (1988) により発見された。

ウィークス多様体は数論的双曲3次元多様体であるので、その体積は数論的なデータを使い計算することができ、アルマン・ボレルは次の公式を与えた。

ここに、k は θ 3 − θ + 1 = 0 を満す θ により生成される数体であり、ζ k は k のデデキントゼータ函数である(Ted Chinburg, Eduardo Friedman & Kerry N. Jones et al. 2001)。

ホワイトヘッドリンク上のカスプをもつ (5, 1) デーン手術により得られる双曲 3-次元多様体は、8の字結び目の結び目補空間の兄弟のような多様体である。8の字結び目の結び目補空間とその兄弟の多様体は、任意の向き付け可能なカスプを持つ双曲3次元多様体の中で最小の体積を持つ。このように、ウィークス多様体は、2つの最小の体積を持つ向き付け可能なカスプを持つ双曲3次元多様体の双曲デーン手術により得ることができる。

参考文献

  • Agol, Ian; Storm, Peter A.; Thurston, William P. (2007), “Lower bounds on volumes of hyperbolic Haken 3-manifolds (with an appendix by Nathan Dunfield)”, Journal of the American Mathematical Society 20 (4): 1053–1077, arXiv:math.DG/0506338, doi:10.1090/S0894-0347-07-00564-4, MR2328715 .
  • Chinburg, Ted; Friedman, Eduardo; Jones, Kerry N.; Reid, Alan W. (2001), “The arithmetic hyperbolic 3-manifold of smallest volume”, Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa. Classe di Scienze. Serie IV 30 (1): 1–40, MR1882023, http://www.numdam.org/item?id=ASNSP_2001_4_30_1_1_0 
  • Gabai, David; Meyerhoff, Robert; Milley, Peter (2009), “Minimum volume cusped hyperbolic three-manifolds”, Journal of the American Mathematical Society 22 (4): 1157–1215, arXiv:0705.4325, doi:10.1090/S0894-0347-09-00639-0, MR2525782 
  • Matveev, S. V.; Fomenko, A. T. (1988), “Isoenergetic surfaces of Hamiltonian systems, the enumeration of three-dimensional manifolds in order of growth of their complexity, and the calculation of the volumes of closed hyperbolic manifolds”, Akademiya Nauk SSSR i Moskovskoe Matematicheskoe Obshchestvo. Uspekhi Matematicheskikh Nauk 43 (1): 5–22, doi:10.1070/RM1988v043n01ABEH001554, MR937017 
  • Weeks, Jeffrey (1985), Hyperbolic structures on 3-manifolds, Ph.D. thesis, Princeton Univ. 

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