しし座IV

しし座IV
しし座IVは、銀河系の周りを公転する数十の伴銀河のうちの1つである[1]。
しし座IVは、銀河系の周りを公転する数十の伴銀河のうちの1つである[1]
星座 しし座
見かけの等級 (mv) 15.9 ± 0.5[2]
視直径 5.7′[3]
分類 dSph[2]
位置
元期:J2000.0
赤経 (RA, α)  11h 32m 57s[4]
赤緯 (Dec, δ) −00° 32′ 00″[4]
距離 160+15
−14
kpc
154 ± 4 kpc[3]
他のカタログでの名称
Leo IV[4]
Template (ノート 解説) ■Project

しし座IV(Leo IV Dwarf Galaxy[4])は、しし座にある矮小楕円体銀河である。2006年にスローン・デジタル・スカイ・サーベイのデータから発見された[2]。太陽から約16万パーセクに位置し、約130km/sの速度で遠ざかっている[2][5]。ほぼ球形で、光度が半分になる半径は約130パーセクである[3][note 1]

しし座IVは、銀河系伴銀河で最も小さく暗いものの1つであり、光度は太陽光度の約1万5000倍(絶対等級は約-5.5 ± 0.3)で、典型的な球状星団よりもかなり暗い[3]。しかし、質量は約150万太陽質量であり、この銀河の質量光度比は約150となる。この高い質量光度比は、しし座IVが暗黒物質に占められていることを意味する[5]

しし座Vの恒星には、120億歳以上の古いものが多い[3]。これらの恒星の金属量は、[Fe/H] ≈ -2.58 ± 0.75と低く、重元素の量が少なくとも太陽の400分の1以下であることを示している[6]。観測される恒星は、主に赤色巨星であるが、こと座RR型変光星を含む多くの水平分枝星も発見されている[3][note 2]

しし座Vは、同じく銀河系の伴銀河であるしし座IVからわずか3°しか離れていない。後者はより太陽に近く、2万パーセクの距離である。これらの2つの銀河は、恒星のブリッジで繋がっており、恐らく物理的な影響を及ぼしあっていると考えられている。しし座IVの恒星は、恐らく宇宙で最初にできた恒星の一部である。それにも関わらず、詳細な観測によって、約20億歳かそれ以下の若い恒星の存在が明らかとなった。この発見は、この銀河の複雑な星形成の歴史を示している[3]。現在は、この銀河内では星形成は行われていないと考えられている。また、これまで中性水素原子は検出されておらず、存在するとしても上限はちょうど600太陽質量である[7]

2008年、しし座IVの近傍に別の銀河であるしし座Vが発見された。後者は銀河系から2万パーセク遠くに位置し、前者と3°(1万パーセク以下)離れている。これらの2つの銀河は、恐らく互いに物理的な影響を及ぼしあっていると考えられている[8]

脚注

  1. ^ 別の文献では、半径は約1160パーセクとされている[2]
  2. ^ こと座RR型変光星を用いて測定したしし座IVまでの距離は、154 ± 4 kpcである[3]

出典

  1. ^ “Hubble Unmasks Ghost Galaxies”. ESA/Hubble Press Release. https://esahubble.org/news/heic1211/ 11 July 2012閲覧。 
  2. ^ a b c d e Belokurov, V.; Zucker, D. B.; Evans, N. W.; Kleyna, J. T.; Koposov, S.; Hodgkin, S. T.; Irwin, M. J.; Gilmore, G. et al. (2007). “Cats and Dogs, Hair and a Hero: A Quintet of New Milky Way Companions”. The Astrophysical Journal 654 (2): 897–906. doi:10.1086/509718. ISSN 0004-637X. 
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Sand, David J.; Seth, Anil; Olszewski, Edward W. et al. (2010). “A Deeper Look at Leo IV: Star Formation History and Extended Structure”. The Astrophysical Journal 718: 530-42. arXiv:0911.5352. Bibcode2010ApJ...718..530S. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/718/1/530. 
  4. ^ a b c d SIMBAD Astronomical Database”. Results for Leo IV Dwarf Galaxy. 2010年1月31日閲覧。
  5. ^ a b Simon, Joshua D.; Geha, Marla (2007). “The Kinematics of the Ultra‐faint Milky Way Satellites: Solving the Missing Satellite Problem”. The Astrophysical Journal 670 (1): 313–331. doi:10.1086/521816. ISSN 0004-637X. 
  6. ^ Kirby, Evan N.; Simon, Joshua D.; Geha, Marla; Guhathakurta, Puragra; Frebel, Anna (2008). “Uncovering Extremely Metal-Poor Stars in the Milky Way's Ultrafaint Dwarf Spheroidal Satellite Galaxies”. The Astrophysical Journal 685 (1): L43–L46. doi:10.1086/592432. ISSN 0004-637X. 
  7. ^ Grcevich, Jana; Putman, Mary E (2009). “H I IN LOCAL GROUP DWARF GALAXIES AND STRIPPING BY THE GALACTIC HALO”. The Astrophysical Journal 696 (1): 385–395. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/696/1/385. ISSN 0004-637X. 
  8. ^ Belokurov, V.; Walker, M. G.; Evans, N. W. et al. (2008). “Leo V: A companion of a companion of the Milky Way galaxy”. The Astrophysical Journal 686 (2): L83-L86. arXiv:0807.2831. Bibcode2008ApJ...686L..83B. doi:10.1086/592962. 

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