Vatnajökull

Vatnajökull
aspetto del ghiacciaio
StatoIslanda (bandiera) Islanda
RegioneIslanda sudorientale, Austurland
Norðurland eystra
Suðurland
CatenaAltopiani d'Islanda
Coordinate64°24′N 16°48′W
Tipocappa di ghiaccio
Altitudine2 100 - 0[1] m s.l.m.
Lunghezza150 km
Superficie7 700[1] km²
Mappa di localizzazione
Mappa di localizzazione: Islanda
Vatnajökull
Vatnajökull
Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale

Il Vatnajökull è una cappa di ghiaccio situata nell'Islanda sudorientale: con una superficie di circa 7700 km², è la più grande d'Europa per volume e la seconda per estensione dopo l'Austfonna, ubicata sull'isola di Nordaustlandet e appartenente all'arcipelago norvegese delle Svalbard. È la quarta massa di ghiaccio al mondo dopo la calotta glaciale antartica, la calotta glaciale groenlandese e il Campo de Hielo Sur in Patagonia.

Descrizione

Il Vatnajökull ha uno spessore medio di 380 metri e massimo di 950 metri, contiene circa 3100 km³ di ghiaccio. Si sviluppa fino alla quota massima di 2110 metri, con una quota media di 1215 m. La superficie rocciosa al di sotto del ghiacciaio è costituita da un altopiano con un'altezza media di 670 metri[1]. L'estensione complessiva è di poco inferiore a quella della Corsica, coprendo circa l'8% dell'Islanda. Dal 1995 il ghiacciaio ha un bilancio di massa negativo, ovvero si osserva una riduzione del volume totale di ghiaccio. Questo calo è più forte nella parte occidentale e meridionale della calotta[2].

Ghiacciai vallivi

Dalla cappa del Vatnajökull si originano circa 30 ghiacciai vallivi tra i quali il Breiðamerkurjökull, il Brúarjökull, il Hoffellsjökull ed il Dyngjujökull.

Ghiacciaio Fláajökull
Breiðamerkurjökull, parte del Vatnajökull vicino a Jökulsárlón

Versante meridionale

  • Breiðamerkurjökull
  • Brókarjökull
  • Falljökull
  • Fjallsjökull
  • Fláajökull
  • Heinabergsjökull
  • Hoffellsjökull
  • Hólárjökull
  • Hrútárjökull
  • Kvíárjökull
  • Lambatungnajökull
  • Morsárjökull
  • Skaftafellsjökull
  • Skálafellsjökull
  • Skeiðarárjökull
  • Stigárjökull
  • Svínafellsjökull
  • Viðborðsjökull
  • Virkisjökull

Versante orientale

Versante settentrionale

Versante occidentale

  • Köldukvíslarjökull
  • Síðujökull
  • Skaftárjökull
  • Sylgjujökull
  • Tungnaárjökul

Vulcani

Sotto la sua cappa di ghiaccio si trovano diversi vulcani attivi, tra cui il Grímsvötn le cui ultime eruzioni risalgono al 1996 e 1998. L'eruzione del 1996, in particolare, ha sciolto circa 3 km³ di ghiaccio creando un enorme lago glaciale che, a distanza di un mese, si è riversato a valle provocando il jökulhlaup.

La massima cima islandese, lo Hvannadalshnjúkur (2.109,6 m), si trova in una propaggine meridionale della cappa di ghiaccio chiamata Öraefajökull, a pochi chilometri dalla costa.

Visibilità

Secondo il Guinness dei primati, il Vatnajökull è l'oggetto dalla più ampia visibilità al mondo: in particolari condizioni atmosferiche e di luce può essere visto dallo Slættaratindur, la più alta cima delle Isole Fær Øer, distante 550 km. La validità di questo record è contestata dalle analisi di J.C. de Ferrant[3].

Galleria d'immagini

  • Stratificazioni nel ghiaccio
    Stratificazioni nel ghiaccio
  • Il ghiacciaio visto verso Jökulsárlón
    Il ghiacciaio visto verso Jökulsárlón
  • Il ghiacciaio nel 1972
    Il ghiacciaio nel 1972
  • Fotografia aerea del Vatnajökull
    Fotografia aerea del Vatnajökull
  • Il ghiacciaio visto dal satellite
    Il ghiacciaio visto dal satellite
  • Sultartungnajökull
    Sultartungnajökull
  • La piana di Miðheiðarháls, sullo sfondo il Vatnajökull
    La piana di Miðheiðarháls, sullo sfondo il Vatnajökull
  • Aspetto del margine meridionale
    Aspetto del margine meridionale
  • Aspetto del margine meridionale
    Aspetto del margine meridionale
  • Aspetto del margine meridionale
    Aspetto del margine meridionale

Note

  1. ^ a b c Icelandic glaciers (PDF), su jardvis.hi.is. URL consultato il 31 ottobre 2017 (archiviato dall'url originale il 19 agosto 2019).
  2. ^ Climate change response of Vatnajökull, Hofsjökull and Langjökullice caps, Iceland
  3. ^ glacier vatnajokull, su nat.is. URL consultato il 29 ottobre 2017 (archiviato dall'url originale il 22 maggio 2017).

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

  • Glacier Guides Glacier Guides offrono visite guidate in montagna ed escursioni sulle lingue del ghiacciaio Vatnajökull vicino a Skaftafell.
Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN) 237468016 · LCCN (EN) sh89004617 · GND (DE) 4738056-1 · J9U (EN, HE) 987007530042305171
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