Tunguska Inferiore

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Tunguska Inferiore - Нижняя Тунгуска
La Tunguska Inferiore
StatoRussia (bandiera) Russia
Soggetti federali  Irkutsk
  Krasnojarsk
RajonUst'-Kutskij, Kirenskij, Katangskij, Ėvenkijskij, Turuchanskij
Lunghezza2 989 km
Portata media3 680 m³/s
Bacino idrografico473 000 km²
NasceAlture dell'Angara
58°02′42″N 105°40′39″E
SfociaEnisej
65°47′00″N 87°57′20″E
Mappa del fiume
Mappa del fiume

La Tunguska Inferiore (anche conosciuta come Bassa Tunguska, in russo Нижняя Тунгуска, Nižnjaja Tunguska) è un fiume della Siberia Orientale, affluente di destra dello Enisej. Scorre attraverso i rajon Ust'-Kutskij, Kirenskij, Katangskij dell'oblast' di Irkutsk e i rajon Ėvenkijskij e Turuchanskij del Territorio di Krasnojarsk.

Percorso

Il fiume ha le sue sorgenti in una regione di basse montagne conosciute con il nome di Alture dell'Angara, a pochissima distanza (poche decine di chilometri) dal corso della Lena, nell'oblast' di Irkutsk. Si dirige dapprima in direzione nord con un corso ricco di meandri per compiere, all'altezza del parallelo 63°N, una decisa svolta verso ovest ed entrare nell'Altopiano della Siberia centrale. I suoi maggiori affluenti sono: da destra, Ejka, Kočečum, Jambukan, Vivi, Tutončana, Eračimo e Severnaja; da sinistra, Nepa, Bol'šaja Erëma, Ilimpeja, Nidym, Tajmura e Učami. Proseguendo verso occidente, il fiume esce dall'altopiano della Siberia centrale per confluire, pochi chilometri dopo, nello Enisej a 990 km dalla foce, presso l'abitato di Turuchansk.[1]

Analogamente a moltissimi altri fiumi siberiani, le rilevantissime dimensioni non corrispondono ad una effettiva importanza economica; la rigidità del clima delle zone attraversate fanno sì che l'intero bacino conti solo qualche decina di migliaia di abitanti. I centri principali toccati nel suo lungo cammino sono Tura, ex capoluogo della Ėvenkija, e Turuchansk, alla sua foce nello Enisej.

Regime

Il regime del fiume è analogo a tanti altri fiumi siberiani, con minimi invernali di portata e massimi estivi, quando il valore di portata può salire fino a 74.000 m³/s. Il fiume è gelato da ottobre a maggio.

Portate medie mensili

Portata media mensile (in m³)
Stazione idrometrica: Bol'šoj Porog (1938-1999)
Fonte: Nizhnyaya Tunguska At Bol'shoy Porog, SHI

Note

  1. ^ (RU) Река Н.Тунгуска, su textual.ru. URL consultato l'8 luglio 2023.

Bibliografia

  • Istituto Geografico De Agostini. Enciclopedia geografica, edizione speciale per il Corriere della Sera, vol. 6. RCS Quotidiani s.p.a., Milano, 2005. ISSN 1824-9280 (WC · ACNP).
  • Istituto Geografico De Agostini. Grande atlante geografico del mondo, edizione speciale per il Corriere della Sera. Milano, 1995

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