Trattato di Raciąż

Trattato di Raciąż
Il trattato, nell'Archivio Centrale dei Documenti Antichi di Varsavia
Tipotrattato di pace
Firma22 maggio 1404
LuogoRaciąż
Parti Regno di Polonia
Granducato di Lituania
Stato monastico dei Cavalieri Teutonici
voci di trattati presenti su Wikipedia

Il trattato di Raciąż (o Raciążek) fu un trattato firmato il 22 maggio 1404 dal Regno di Polonia, il Granducato di Lituania, e l'Ordine teutonico, circa il controllo della terra di Dobrzyń e della Samogizia. La Polonia in sostanza confermò il trattato di Kalisz del 1343 e la Lituania il trattato di Salynas del 1398. Il trattato non stabilizzò la situazione che presto cambiò con la guerra polacco-lituano-teutonica del 1409–1411 e con il conseguente trattato di Toruń.

La Polonia, con il sostegno del papato, riuscì a rinforzare il legame con il Granducato, con la firma dell'unione di Vilnius e Radom nel 1401. Nello stesso anno i samogiti si ribellarono contro i Cavalieri. I ribelli bruciarono numerosi castelli teutonici. I Cavalieri reagirono saccheggiando Kaunas e Grodno. Nel 1402 l'Ordine si alleò con il duca lituano Švitrigaila, fratello di Jogaila, che promise di tenere fede al trattato di Salynas e di cedere la Samogizia ai Cavalieri.

Quando nessuno degli schieramenti poteva ottenere una vittoria decisiva e Vitoldo voleva concentrare la sua attenzione a una guerra contro Jurij di Smolensk, vennero avviati i negoziati nell'estate 1403. Il trattato finale fu firmato a Raciążek e affrontava alcune delle contese territoriali tra la Polonia, la Lituania e l'Ordine: la terra di Dobrzyń sarebbe tornata alla Polonia previa una commissione, la Samogizia sarebbe rimasta all'Ordine e la discussione circa la regione di Danzica (Danzig) fu irrisolta. A Švitrigaila fu permesso di tornare in Podolia.

Quando nel 1408 Vitoldo terminò le sue guerre a oriente contro il Granducato di Mosca, poté concentrarsi nuovamente sui Cavalieri teutonici. I samogiti si ribellarono per la seconda volta nel 1409. Ciò portò a una nuova guerra tra la Polonia-Lituania e i Cavalieri, che furono definitivamente sconfitti nella battaglia di Grunwald nel 1410. Questa guerra fu conclusa con il trattato di Toruń (1411), che cambiò i confini determinati dal trattato di Raciążek.

Bibliografia

  • (PL) Marek Derwich, Monarchia Piastów, Varsavia, Breslavia, Wydawnictwo Dolnośląskie, 2003, ISBN 83-7023-989-7.
  Portale Lituania

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