Tiambutosina

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Tiambutosina
Nome IUPAC
1-(4-butoxyphenyl)-3-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]thiourea
Nomi alternativi
Aids-081321, 4-Butoxy-4'-(dimethylamino)thiocarbanilide, Summit 1906,Ciba 1906
Caratteristiche generali
Formula bruta o molecolareC19H25N3OS
Massa molecolare (u)343.4863
Numero CAS500-89-0
Numero EINECS207-914-0
PubChem3002003
SMILES
CCCCOC1=CC=C(C=C1)NC(=S)NC2=CC=C(C=C2)N(C)C
Dati farmacologici
Modalità di
somministrazione
Orale, intramuscolare
Dati farmacocinetici
EscrezioneFecale (75%) e renale
Indicazioni di sicurezza

La tiambutosina o CIBA 1906 o ancora Summit 1906 è un antileprotico (chemioterapico utilizzabile nella terapia della lebbra), ad azione batteriostatica.[1]

Farmacodinamica

Il farmaco, diversamente dal dapsone, ha un'emivita molto breve e le concentrazioni massime non superano le concentrazioni minime inibenti (MIC) relative al Mycobacterium leprae. Poiché il farmaco è batteriostatico, le concentrazioni seriche necessarie per inibire la moltiplicazione del M. leprae dovrebbero essere mantenute a livelli superiori alle MIC.[2]

Farmacocinetica

A seguito di somministrazione per via orale la tiambutosina viene scarsamente assorbita dal tratto gastrointestinale. Solo il 10% di una dose viene metabolizzato a composti idrosolubili, rapidamente eliminati con le urine. L'eliminazione del 75% circa del composto avviene invece con le feci in forma immodificata. Dopo somministrazione per via intramuscolare le sospensioni acquose del farmaco vengono assorbite lentamente e in modo incompleto: è stato osservato che l'assorbimento può essere significativamente migliorato ricorrendo ad una sospensione oleosa al 20% in olio di arachidi.[3]

Usi clinici

Tiambutosina trova indicazione, in associazione ad altri composti, nel trattamento della lebbra.[4][5][6] È pressoché sempre indicato associare il composto ad altri farmaci al fine di minimizzare il verificarsi di resistenze, che comunque tendono a manifestarsi in particolare nel corso di trattamenti prolungati nel tempo.[7][8][9]

Dosi terapeutiche

Il farmaco è stato somministrato per via orale alla dose iniziale di 1 g/die. Tale dose può essere incrementata gradualmente fino a raggiungere i 2 g/die. Quando si opta per la somministrazione intramuscolare si inizia con una dose pari a 200 mg alla settimana, incrementabili gradualmente fino a 1 g.[10][11]

Effetti collaterali e indesiderati

Nel corso del trattamento con tiambutosina possono maninfestarsi effetti di tipo cutaneo (rash cutaneo, orticaria) e di tipo nervoso, particolarmente neuropatie periferiche.

Controindicazioni

Il composto è controindicato nei pazienti con ipersensibilità individuale nota al principio attivo e nei soggetti affetti da gravi disturbi epatici o renali.

Note

  1. ^ LC. Anand, VD. Tiwari; BS. Rathore; O. Singh, Clinical trial with CIBA 1906 in lepromatous leprosy., in Lepr India, vol. 53, n. 2, Apr 1981, pp. 278-84, PMID 7019567.
  2. ^ MJ. Colston, GR. Hilson; GA. Ellard; PT. Gammon, The activity of thiacetazone, thiambutosine, thiocarlide and sulphamethoxypyridazine against Mycobacterium leprae in mice., in Lepr Rev, vol. 49, n. 2, Giu 1978, pp. 101-13, PMID 78428.
  3. ^ GA. Ellard, A preliminary study of the absorption, metabolism and excretion of injectable thiambutosine., in Lepr Rev, vol. 37, n. 1, Gen 1966, pp. 17-22, PMID 5908570.
  4. ^ EJ. Schulz, ML. Egnal; G. Doevendans, Treatment of leprosy with a combination of injectable thiambutosine (CIBA 1906), streptomycin and isoniazid., in Lepr Rev, vol. 37, n. 1, Gen 1966, pp. 47-8, PMID 5908575.
  5. ^ J. Convit, SG. Browne; J. Languillon; JH. Pettit; K. Ramanujam; F. Sagher; J. Sheskin; G. Tarabini; L. de Souza Lima; JG. Tolentino; MF. Waters, Therapy of leprosy., in Bull World Health Organ, vol. 42, n. 5, 1970, pp. 667-72, PMID 5311056.
  6. ^ Report of a WHO Study Group. Chemotherapy of leprosy for control programmes. WHO Tech Rep Ser 1982;675:7
  7. ^ JM. Garrod, GA. Ellard, Appearance of resistance during prolonged treatment of leprosy with Thiambutosine., in Lepr Rev, vol. 39, n. 3, Lug 1968, pp. 113-7, PMID 5663677.
  8. ^ SR. Pattyn, MJ. Colston, Cross-resistance amongst thiambutosine, thiacetazone, ethionamide and prothionamide with Mycobacterium leprae., in Lepr Rev, vol. 49, n. 4, Dic 1978, pp. 324-6, PMID 84317.
  9. ^ TC. Smith, JH. Richardus, Relapse rates in patients treated with dapsone monotherapy and combinations of dapsone and thiambutosine, thiacetazone, isoniazid and streptomycin in the pre-MDT era., in Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis, vol. 62, n. 3, Set 1994, pp. 353-8, PMID 7525795.
  10. ^ SG. Browne, a limited clinical trial of injectable thiambutosine, in Lepr Rev, vol. 36, Jan 1965, pp. 21-2, PMID 14241914.
  11. ^ P. Mikhailov, I. Dimitrova, [Leprosy in Bulgaria. Epidemiology, Clinical forms and treatment (author's transl)]., in Z Hautkr, vol. 56, n. 20, Ott 1981, pp. 1364-70, PMID 7197852.

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