Theriosuchus

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Theriosuchus
Illustrazione di un fossile di Theriosuchus pusillus
Stato di conservazione
Fossile
Classificazione scientifica
DominioEukaryota
RegnoAnimalia
PhylumChordata
ClasseReptilia
SottoclasseDiapsida
SuperordineCrocodylomorpha
OrdineCrocodylia
FamigliaAtoposauridae ?
GenereTheriosuchus
Specie
  • T. pusillus
  • T. grandinaris
  • T. morrisonensis

Theriosuchus è un genere estinto di rettili, appartenente ai crocodilomorfi. Visse tra il Giurassico superiore e il Cretaceo inferiore (circa 160 - 126 milioni di anni fa). I suoi resti sono stati ritrovati in varie zone dell'Europa (Inghilterra, Spagna), negli Stati Uniti e in Thailandia.

Descrizione

Le caratteristiche di Theriosuchus (il cui nome deriva dal greco e significa "coccodrillo - bestia") risiedono principalmente nelle piccole dimensioni: raramente superava i 50 centimetri di lunghezza. Il cranio era abbastanza corto, dotato di orbite piuttosto grandi e di piccoli denti aguzzi; i denti posteriori erano però di forma più smussata. Le zampe erano relativamente allungate e il corpo era snello.

Classificazione

Theriosuchus è stato per lungo tempo ascritto agli atoposauridi, un gruppo di coccodrilli estinti piuttosto vicini all'origine delle forme attuali. Ricerche più recenti indicherebbero la sua vicinanza ai paralligatoridi (Paralligatoridae), un clade di crocodilomorfi affini agli eusuchi (Tennant et al., 2016). Venne descritto per la prima volta nel 1879 da Richard Owen, che descrisse la specie T. pusillus proveniente dall'inizio del Giurassico superiore dell'Inghilterra. Successivamente a questo genere vennero attribuiti altre specie: T. morrisonensis del Giurassico superiore degli Stati Uniti, T. ibericus del Cretaceo inferiore della Spagna (Brinkmann, 1992), T. guimarotae del Giurassico superiore portoghese (Schwarz & Salisbury, 2005), l'asiatica T. grandinaris del Cretaceo inferiore della Thailandia (Lauprasert et al., 2011) e T. sympiestodon della Romania (Martin et al., 2010).

Cranio di Theriosuchus pusillus

Quest'ultima specie doveva essere una sorta di fossile vivente della sua epoca: i resti, infatti, provengono dal Maastrichtiano (circa 70 milioni di anni fa) e vi è un lasso temporale di circa 58 milioni di anni nei quali non è noto alcun fossile di Theriosuchus. T. sympiestodon è stato ritrovato nel bacino di Hateg, un'area che nel Cretaceo superiore era parte di un arcipelago nell'oceano Tetide, abitato anche da dinosauri nani (Telmatosaurus, Zalmoxes, Magyarosaurus). Resti attribuiti a una specie indeterminata di Theriosuchus sono stati ritrovati anche in Francia in terreni del Maastrichtiano (Martin et al., 2014). Revisioni più recenti indicano che T. sympiestodon e T. ibericus sarebbero da ascrivere a un genere a sé stante, Sabresuchus, così come T. guimarotae, attribuibile al nuovo genere Knoetschkesuchus (Tennant et al., 216; Schwarz et al., 2017).

Bibliografia

  • Owen, R. (1879). "Monograph on the fossil Reptilia of the Wealden and Purbeck Formations. Supplement IX, Crocodilia (Goniopholis, Brachydectes, Nannosuchus, Theriosuchus, and Nuthetes)". Palaeontographical Society of London Monograph 33: 1–19.
  • Brinkmann, W. (1992). "Die Krokodilier-Fauna aus der Unter-Kreide (Ober-Barremium) von Uña (Provinz Cuenca, Spanien)". Berliner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen (E) 5: 1–123.
  • Schwarz, Daniela and Salisbury, Steven W. (2005). "A new species of Theriosuchus (Atoposauridae, Crocodylomorpha) from the Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) of Guimarota, Portugal". Geobios 38 (6): 779–802. ISSN 0016-6995.
  • Jeremy Martin, Márton Rabi and Zoltán Csiki (2010). "Survival of Theriosuchus (Mesoeucrocodylia: Atoposauridae) in a Late Cretaceous archipelago: a new species from the Maastrichtian of Romania". Naturwissenschaften 97 (9): 845–854. doi:10.1007/s00114-010-0702-y. PMID 20711558. http://www.springerlink.com/content/p324042k5514m68q/[collegamento interrotto].
  • Komsorn Lauprasert, Chalida Laojumpon, Wanitchaphat Saenphala, Gilles Cuny, Kumthorn Thirakhupt, Varavudh Suteethorn (2011). "Atoposaurid crocodyliforms from the Khorat Group of Thailand: first record of Theriosuchus from Southeast Asia". Paläontologische Zeitschrift 85 (1): 37–47. doi:10.1007/s12542-010-0071-z. http://www.springerlink.com/content/b28737j414063982/[collegamento interrotto].
  • Jeremy E. Martin, Márton Rabi, Zoltán Csiki-Sava, and Stefan Vasile (2014) Cranial morphology of Theriosuchus sympiestodon (Mesoeucrocodylia, Atoposauridae) and the widespread occurrence of Theriosuchus in the Late Cretaceous of Europe. Journal of Paleontology 88(3): 444-456
  • Jonathan P. Tennant; Philip D. Mannion; Paul Upchurch (2016). "Evolutionary relationships and systematics of Atoposauridae (Crocodylomorpha: Neosuchia): implications for the rise of Eusuchia". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. in press.
  • Daniela Schwarz; Maik Raddatz; Oliver Wings (2017). "Knoetschkesuchus langenbergensis gen. nov. sp. nov., a new atoposaurid crocodyliform from the Upper Jurassic Langenberg Quarry (Lower Saxony, northwestern Germany), and its relationships to Theriosuchus". PLoS ONE. 12 (2): e0160617. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0160617.
  • Foster, J. (2018). "A new atoposaurid crocodylomorph from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Wyoming, USA". Geology of the Intermountain West. 5: 287–295. doi:10.31711/giw.v5i0.32. ISSN 2380-7601.

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