Termografia mammaria

Le informazioni riportate non sono consigli medici e potrebbero non essere accurate. I contenuti hanno solo fine illustrativo e non sostituiscono il parere medico: leggi le avvertenze.
Termografia mammaria
Diagnostica per immagini

La termografia mammaria consiste nello studio del calore emesso dalla mammella e rilevato mediante sonde termografiche. La termografia può essere effettuata mediante una videocamera a raggi infrarossi, chiamata teletermografia, oppure mediante una placca posta a contatto con la mammella, chiamata termografia a contatto. La termografia a contatto si è poi evoluta nell'attuale procedura clinica detta angiotermografia dinamica.

Storia

La termografia è usata dagli anni settanta in associazione con le tecniche diagnostiche per la ricerca del cancro mammario quali la mammografia, l'ecografia e la risonanza magnetica nucleare. Poiché la termografia è una tecnica che non emette radiazioni ionizzanti, vari studi sono stati fatti per valutare la possibilità di utilizzarla come esame di screening. La termografia (Breast Thermography), nel 1982, ha avuto l'autorizzazione della Food and Drug Administration (FDA) come esame diagnostico per il tumore mammario, qualora fosse eseguita contestualmente alla mammografia.[1] Non è un esame sperimentale in quanto è stato già inserito nell'International Classification of Disease con il codice 88.85[2] che autorizza l'uso della "Breast Thermography" in tutti i paesi del mondo. In Italia ha un ROD ed è rimborsata da molte regioni e da quasi tutte le maggiori assicurazioni.[3]

Teletermografia

La teletermografia, che deriva storicamente da applicazioni nel campo industriale e militare, è effettuata medianti particolari telecamere a infrarossi che rilevano la temperatura cutanea della mammella e la trasformano in un'immagine a colori. Ogni colore corrisponde a un definito intervallo di temperatura. Un software elabora questi colori trovando anomalie termiche che permettono di guidare la diagnosi. Utile è anche la comparazione tra le due mammelle e lo studio del gradiente termico.[4]

Termografia a Contatto

La termografia a contatto nasce in Francia e ha il suo massimo sviluppo negli anni '80-'90. L'esame si esegue mediante una placca a cristalli liquidi (non con telecamera come nella teletermografia) che viene appoggiata alla mammella. I cristalli liquidi si colorano in funzione della temperatura locale del tessuto mammario formando un'immagine che riproduce la circolazione e temperatura del sangue. In particolare la placca, mostrando un pattern più o meno colorato, fornisce informazione anche sui “gradienti termici”. Considerando una scala di gradiente termico da 1 a 4, basata sull'intensità dei colori, il gradiente 1 corrisponde ad assenza di cancro e il gradiente 4 a presenza di cancro. Per ottenere una migliore rappresentazione dell'immagine colorata del pattern sanguigno, sono impiegate più placche aventi diversa sensibilità alla temperatura.[5] Queste tecnologie sono state oggetto di vari studi scientifici, con una non univoca conclusione. Riguardando la letteratura scientifica si evidenziano molti falsi positivi e una difficoltà d'interpretazione per le molte variabili che potevano essere presenti al momento dell'esame. Da quando Judah Folkman iniziò gli studi sulla neo-angiogenesi tumorale, le tecnologie termiche sono state oggetto di nuovi studi con risultati molto promettenti.

Note

  1. ^ “thermography”, Imaginis®
  2. ^ "International Classification of Disease" (PDF), su medinfo.psu.ac.th. URL consultato il 31 gennaio 2013 (archiviato dall'url originale il 9 aprile 2013).
  3. ^ "Ministero della Salute, Allegato 3, G.U. Serie Generale, n. 23 del 28 gennaio 2013"[1][collegamento interrotto]
  4. ^ Diagnostica per immagini, Progetto didattico multimediale, Facoltà di Medicina e Farmacia, Sapienza, Università di Roma.[2]
  5. ^ First experiences with the disc thermography of Tricoire in the diagnosis of diseases of the breast, Geissler KH, Rummel W, Weishaar J, Kindermann G.,Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd, 1974 Apr;34(4):307-11.[3]
  Portale Medicina: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che trattano di medicina

Read other articles:

نهر كارويبا (كاليدونيا الجديدة)

هذه المقالة تحتاج للمزيد من الوصلات للمقالات الأخرى للمساعدة في ترابط مقالات الموسوعة. فضلًا ساعد في تحسين هذه المقالة بإضافة وصلات إلى المقالات المتعلقة بها الموجودة في النص الحالي. (فبراير 2023) هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة...

 

Ville

Cet article concerne uniquement le milieu urbain. Pour les statuts administratifs et honorifiques ou toute autre signification, voir Ville (homonymie). Ville de New York (États-Unis). Ville de Francfort-sur-le-Main (Allemagne). Ville de Saint-Pétersbourg (Russie). Ville d'Helsinki (Finlande). Une ville — le milieu urbain — est un milieu à la fois physique et humain où se concentre une population qui organise son espace en fonction du site et de son environnement, en fonction de s...

 

هجوم مدرسة قازان

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (مايو 2021) هجوم مدرسة قازان   المعلومات البلد روسيا  الموقع قازان  الإحداثيات 55°47′35″N 49°13′30″E / 55.793055555556°N 49.225°E / 55.793055555556; 49.225   التاريخ 11 مايو 2021&...

Condet

Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: Condet – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR Gardu Kayu Manis Salak condet RPTRA Muara Condet, Jakarta Timur. Grup latihan Pencak silat di RPTRA Muara Condet, Kramat Jati Jakarta Timur. Con...

 

Bryan D. O'Connor

American astronaut and naval aviator (born 1946) For other people with the same name, see Brian O'Connor (disambiguation). Bryan O'ConnorBornBryan Daniel O'Connor (1946-09-06) September 6, 1946 (age 77)Orange, California, U.S.EducationUnited States Naval Academy (BS)University of West Florida (MS)Space careerNASA astronautRankColonel, USMCTime in space15d 23h 18mSelectionNASA Group 9 (1980)MissionsSTS-61-BSTS-40Mission insignia RetirementAugust 31, 2011 Bryan Daniel O'Connor (born Septe...

 

Georges Cuvier

Georges Cuvier BiografiKelahiran(fr) Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric Cuvier 23 Agustus 1769 Montbéliard Kematian13 Mei 1832 (62 tahun)Paris Penyebab kematianKolera Tempat pemakamanPemakaman Père-Lachaise, 8 Galat: Kedua parameter tahun harus terisi! Grave of Georges Cuvier Galat: Kedua parameter tahun harus terisi! Seat 35 of the Académie française 4 Juni 1818 – 13 Mei 1832 ← Jean-Armand de Bessuéjouls Roquelaure – André Marie Jean Jacques Dupin → Directo...

Violin technique

Details of violin playing technique This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Violin technique – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Part of a series onViolin Violinists Fiddle Fiddlers History Musical styles Technique Acoustics Co...

 

Anies Baswedan

Tokoh dalam artikel ini dirujuk dengan nama depannya, Anies, dan bukan dengan nama keluarganya, Baswedan. Penyuntingan Artikel oleh pengguna baru atau anonim untuk saat ini tidak diizinkan hingga 7 Desember 2024.Lihat kebijakan pelindungan dan log pelindungan untuk informasi selengkapnya. Jika Anda tidak dapat menyunting Artikel ini dan Anda ingin melakukannya, Anda dapat memohon permintaan penyuntingan, diskusikan perubahan yang ingin dilakukan di halaman pembicaraan, memohon untuk melepaska...

 

Benissanet

Municipality in Catalonia, SpainBenissanetMunicipalityBenissanetLocation in CataloniaCoordinates: 41°03′32″N 0°38′0″E / 41.05889°N 0.63333°E / 41.05889; 0.63333Country SpainCommunity CataloniaProvinceTarragonaComarcaRibera d'EbreGovernment • MayorXavier Arbó Cot (2015)[1]Area[2] • Total23.1 km2 (8.9 sq mi)Elevation38 m (125 ft)Population (2018)[3] • Total1,1...

Goa (2010 film)

2010 film by Venkat Prabhu GoaTheatrical release posterDirected byVenkat PrabhuWritten byVenkat PrabhuProduced bySoundarya RajinikanthStarringJaiVaibhavPremjiAravind AkashSampath RajPiaa BajpaiSnehaCinematographySakthi SaravananEdited byPraveen K. L.N. B. SrikanthMusic byYuvan Shankar RajaProductioncompanyOcher StudiosDistributed byWarner Bros. PicturesOcher Picture ProductionsKalasangham FilmsRelease date 29 January 2010 (2010-01-29) Running time164 minutesCountryIndiaLanguage...

 

Velletri

Velletri Nước Ý Vùng Lazio Tỉnh Roma Thị trưởng Fausto Servadio (kể từ tháng 6 năm 2008) Độ cao 332 m Diện tích 113 km² Dân số  - Tổng số (2004-12-31) 50324  - Mật độ 436/km² Múi giờ CET, UTC+1 Tọa độ 41°42′B 12°41′Đ / 41,7°B 12,683°Đ / 41.700; 12.683 Danh xưng Veliterni Mã điện thoại 06 Mã bưu điện 00049 Thánh bảo trợ Saint Clement  - Ngày 23 tháng 11 Vị trí của Velletri t�...

 

Население Соломоновых Островов

Демографические особенности населения Соломоновых Островов включают: плотность населения, этническую принадлежность, уровень образования, здоровье населения, экономический статус, религиозную принадлежность и другие аспекты. Соломоновы Острова включают в себя разли...

Professional Plaza Tower

United States historic placeProfessional Plaza TowerU.S. National Register of Historic Places Location3800 Woodward AvenueDetroit, MichiganCoordinates42°20′58″N 83°03′33″W / 42.34944°N 83.05917°W / 42.34944; -83.05917Built1964–66ArchitectCrane and GorwicArchitectural styleInternational StyleNRHP reference No.16000182Added to NRHPApril 19, 2016 The Professional Plaza Tower, also known as the 'Hammer and Nail' building due to its two iconic i...

 

Jérôme Gilbert

Belgian cyclist Jérôme GilbertGilbert at the 2014 Tour de l'AinPersonal informationFull nameJérôme GilbertBorn (1984-01-22) 22 January 1984 (age 40)Verviers, Wallonia, BelgiumTeam informationCurrent teamRetiredDisciplineRoadRoleRiderProfessional teams2012Ville d'Alger2012–2014Accent.jobs–Willems Veranda's2015Verandas Willems Jérôme Gilbert (born 22 January 1984) is a Belgian former racing cyclist, who competed professionally between 2012 and 2015.[1] He is the...

 

Joseph Fourier

French mathematician and physicist (1768–1830) Joseph FourierBornJean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier(1768-03-21)21 March 1768Auxerre, Kingdom of FranceDied16 May 1830(1830-05-16) (aged 62)Paris, FranceAlma materÉcole Normale SupérieureKnown for See list Fourier numberFourier seriesFourier transformFourier's law of conductionFourier–Motzkin eliminationGreenhouse effect Scientific careerFieldsMathematician, physicist, historianInstitutionsÉcole Normale SupérieureÉcole Polytech...

Queen of Tanganyika

Elizabeth II's reign in Tanganyika from 1961 to 1962 Queen of TanganyikaCoat of arms of TanganyikaElizabeth II DetailsStyleHer MajestyFormation9 December 1961Abolition9 December 1962 Elizabeth II was Queen of Tanganyika from 1961 to 1962, when Tanganyika was an independent sovereign state and a constitutional monarchy. She was also the monarch of other sovereign states, including the United Kingdom. Her constitutional roles in Tanganyika were mostly delegated to the governor-general of Tangan...

 

Interurban

Type of electric railway which runs within and between cities or towns Interurbans redirects here. For the publishing company once known by that name, see Interurban Press. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Interurban – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2015) (Learn how and when...

 

V sign

Hand sign (victory, peace or insult) For the V sign of dermatomyositis, see Shawl sign. For the ∨ symbol, see Descending wedge. The British Prime Minister Winston Churchill is one of the first people to have used the v sign. (1943) It is often interpreted as indicating the word victory which was widely used when the Allies won World War II. ✌V signIn UnicodeU+270C ✌ VICTORY HANDDifferent fromDifferent fromU+1F594 🖔 REVERSED VICTORY HANDRelatedSee alsoU+262E&#...

Grazia Deledda

Grazia Deledda Grazia Deledda 1926.PseudonymIlia di Saint-Ismael[1]FöddMaria Grazia Cosima Deledda 27 september 1871 Nuoro på Sardinien, ItalienDöd15 augusti 1936 (64 år) Rom, ItalienYrkeförfattareNationalitetitalienskSpråkitalienskaVerksam1890–1936GenrerprosaNoterbara verkMurgrönan (L’edera, 1907)PriserNobelpriset i litteratur 1926HemortRomInfluenserBibeln, Homeros Grazia Deledda, född 27 september 1871 i Nuoro på Sardinien, död 15 augusti 1936 i Rom, var en italiensk för...

 

Robert Fagles

American professor, poet and academic (1933–2008) Robert FaglesBornSeptember 11, 1933Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.DiedMarch 26, 2008(2008-03-26) (aged 74)Princeton, New Jersey, U.S.EducationAmherst College (BA)Yale University (MA, PhD)Occupation(s)Professor at Princeton University; PoetSpouse Marilyn Duchovnay ​(m. 1956)​AwardsNational Humanities Medal Robert Fagles (/ˈfeɪɡəlz/;[1] September 11, 1933 – March 26, 2008)[2][3&#...