Sultano di Johor

Stendardo del sultano.

Sultano di Johor è il titolo del sovrano costituzionale di Johor, uno dei tredici Stati della Malaysia.

In passato il sultano manteneva il potere assoluto sugli affari di Stato ed era consigliato da un bendahara. Al giorno d'oggi, il ruolo del bendahara è stato ripreso dal ministro capo.

Storia

Il primo sultano di Johor fu Alauddin Riayat Shah II. Era il figlio di Mahmud Shah, ultimo sultano di Malacca. La dinastia originaria dal sultanato di Malacca si estinse alla morte di Mahmud Shah II nel 1699. Il trono fu ereditato da Abdul Jalil IV. Quest'ultimo ricopriva il ruolo di bendahara prima della morte del sultano.

Anche se Johor è stata governata da almeno venti sultani, il primo sultano moderno di Johor (appartenente alla dinastia Temenggong)[1] fu Abu Bakar che regnò dal 1862 al 1895. Fu la prima persona dalla famiglia Temenggung a diventare sultano nella Johor. Il padre, Temenggong Tun Ibrahim era riuscito a consolidare il suo potere tanto da riuscire a deporre il sultano Ali che morì nel 1877.

Elenco

Dinastia di Malacca-Johor

N. Nome Immagine Inizio regno Fine regno
1 Alauddin Riayat Shah II 1528 1564
2 Muzaffar II 1564 1570
3 Abdul Jalil Shah I 1570 1571
4 Ali Jalla Abdul Jalil Shah 1571 1597
5 Alauddin Riayat Shah III 1597 1615
6 Abdullah Ma'ayat Shah 1615 1623
7 Abdul Jalil Shah III 1623 1677
8 Ibrahim Shah 1677 16 febbraio 1685
9 Mahmud II 16 febbraio 1685 3 settembre 1699

Dinastia Bendahara

N. Nome Immagine Inizio regno Fine regno
10 Abdul Jalil Shah IV 3 settembre 1699 1718

Dinastia di Malacca-Johor

N. Nome Immagine Inizio regno Fine regno
11 Abdul Jalil Rahmat Shah 1718 1721

Dinastia Bendahara

N. Nome Immagine Inizio regno Fine regno
12 Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah 1721 20 agosto 1760
13 Abdul Jalil Muazzam Shah 20 agosto 1760 29 gennaio 1761
14 Ahmad Riayat Shah 29 gennaio 1761 1770
15 Mahmud Shah III 1770 12 gennaio 1811
16 Abdul Rahman Muazzam Shah 14 gennaio 1811 6 gennaio 1819
17 Hussein Shah 6 gennaio 1819 2 settembre 1835
18 Ali Iskandar 2 settembre 1835 10 marzo 1855

Dinastia di Temenggong

N. Nome Immagine Inizio regno Fine regno
19 Tun Ibrahim 10 marzo 1855 31 gennaio 1862

Dinastia di Temenggong moderna

Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: Temenggong.
N. Nome Regno Note
Inizio Fine regno
20 Abu Bakar al-Khalil 2 febbraio 1862 4 giugno 1895
21 Ibrahim al-Masyhur 4 giugno 1895 8 maggio 1959
22 Ismail al-Khalidi 8 maggio 1959 10 maggio 1981
23 Iskandar al-Haj 11 maggio 1981 22 gennaio 2010
24 Ibrahim Iskandar 23 gennaio 2010 in carica

Note

  1. ^ Nadarajah, Johore and the Origins of British Control, p. 44

Bibliografia

  • Nesalamar Nadarajah, Johore and the Origins of British Control, 1895-1914, Arenabuku, 2000, ISBN 967-970-318-5
  • T. Wignesan, "A Peranakan's View of the fin de siècle monde malais – Na Tian Piet's Endearing syair of Epic Proportions" [partial tranls. with introduction and notes to Na Tian Piet's "Sha'er of the late Sultan Abu Bakar (of Johor)" in The Gombak Review, Vol. 4, N° 2 (International Islamic University Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, 1999, pp. 101–121.
  • T. Wignesan. Sporadic Striving amid Echoed Voices, Mirrored Images and Stereotypic Posturing in Malaysian-Singaporean Literatures. Allahabad: Cyberwit.net, 2008, pp. 196–218. ISBN 978-81-8253-120-8 Cf. https://web.archive.org/web/20170312062613/http://www.stateless.freehosting.net/TTianPiet.htm

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