Subtalamo

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Subtalamo
Fette coronali di cervello umano che mostrano i gangli della base, il nucleo subtalamico (STN) e la substantia nigra (SN). STN è nel subtalamo; SN invece no.
Nome latinosubthalamus
SistemaSistema nervoso centrale
Identificatori
MeSHA08.186.211.200.317.800
TAA14.1.08.201 e A14.1.08.701
FMA62010
ID NeuroLexbirnlex_708
Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale

Il subtalamo è una parte del diencefalo che si trova fra il mesencefalo e il talamo.[1] Funzionalmente ingloba anche il globus pallidus che è topograficamente parte del telencefalo.[2]

Anatomia

Durante lo sviluppo il subtalamo è in continuità con l'ipotalamo ma è separato da esso per mezzo di fibre di sostanza bianca derivanti principalmente dalla capsula interna. È una porzione ventrale del diencefalo: dopo la nascita infatti il subtalamo viene a trovarsi al di sotto del talamo, da ciò il nome. Si trova inoltre in posizione dorsolaterale rispetto all'ipotalamo, nel punto di passaggio fra diencefalo e mesencefalo.

Costituzione esterna

Il subtalamo è delimitato:

  • Inferiormente: dalla calotta del mesencefalo
  • Superiormente: dai nuclei ventrali del talamo
  • Medialmente: dalla parte laterale dell'ipotalamo
  • Lateralmente: dai nuclei della base
  • Caudalmente: è separato dal talamo dalla zona limitans intertalamica

Costituzione interna

Il subtalamo presenta vari nuclei di sostanza grigia e sostanza bianca.

  • Nucleo subtalamico di Luys: fa parte dei nuclei della base. Presenta il fascicolo lenticolare (campo H2 del Forel), che lo separa dalla zona incerta, e l'ansa lenticolare, che lo separa dalla caspula interna
  • Zona incerta
  • Nucleo dell'area tegmentale
  • Nucleo dell'ansa lenticolare

Rapporti

Il subtalamo mostra efferenze con lo striato (nucleo caudato e putamen) nel telencefalo, con il talamo dorsale (gruppi nucleari mediali e laterali) nel diencefalo e con il nucleo rosso e la sostanza nera nel mesencefalo.[3] Riceve afferenze dalla sostanza nera e dallo striato.

Note

  1. ^ subthalamus, su sci.uidaho.edu (archiviato dall'url originale il 26 novembre 2007).
  2. ^ Theme atlas of anatomy: head and neuroanathomy, su books.google.si.
  3. ^ Subtalamo, enciclopedia Treccani, su treccani.it.

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

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