Splendido isolamento

Viene definito splendido isolamento un periodo, nella seconda metà del XIX secolo, durante il quale la politica estera del Regno Unito venne improntata ad evitare qualunque coinvolgimento nei conflitti europei per dedicarsi allo sviluppo della potenza coloniale e commerciale dell'Impero.

L'origine dell'espressione

L'espressione venne utilizzata da Lord Goschen, primo Lord dell’Ammiragliato, durante un discorso a Lewes, nel Sussex, del 26 febbraio 1896, durante il quale disse: "We have stood here alone in what is called isolation – our splendid isolation, as one of our colonial friends was good enough to call it."

Un'espressione del tutto simile venne utilizzata, circa un mese prima, anche in un discorso del Ministro delle finanze canadese George Eulas Foster al Parlamento del Canada quando questi disse: "In these somewhat troublesome days when the great Mother Empire stands splendidly isolated in Europe...".

Contesto storico

Alla fine del 1800, i governi conservatori di Benjamin Disraeli e del marchese di Salisbury orientarono la politica estera britannica al fine di preservare l'equilibrio di potenza in Europa e, al tempo stesso, di proteggere gli interessi dell'Impero.

A seguito dell'unificazione della Germania nel 1871 e dell'ascesa tedesca in campo economico industriale e militare, molti esponenti politici britannici, in particolare Joseph Chamberlain, iniziarono a mettere in discussione l'opportunità di continuare ad evitare d'impegnarsi in alleanze formali.

La fine dello splendido isolamento

La firma dell'alleanza anglo-giapponese del 1902 pone definitivamente fine alla fase dello splendido isolamento.

La Gran Bretagna iniziò a “normalizzare” le proprie relazioni con gli altri Stati europei e, con la firma dell'Entente cordiale e dell'Accordo anglo-russo per l'Asia rispettivamente del 1904 e del 1907, gettò le basi per la creazione della Triplice intesa.

Bibliografia

John Charmley, Splendid Isolation? Britain and the Balance of Power 1874–1914, Sceptre, 1999, ISBN 978-0-340-65791-1.
Robert Cooney, A Compendious History of the Northern Part of the Province of New Brunswick and of the District of Gaspé in Lower Canada (PDF), Joseph Howe, 1832, reprinted 1896.
Nick Fletcher, European leaders resume Brussels summit talks: live coverage, in The Guardian, 9 dicembre 2011. URL consultato il 9 dicembre 2011.
Richard F. Hamilton, Origins of World War One, Cambridge University Press, 2003, ISBN 978-0-521-81735-6.
Robert M. Hamilton, Canadian Quotations and Phrases: Literary and Historical, McClelland and Stewart, 1952.
Nigel Jones, 'Very well, alone!' Splendid isolation has always been Britain's default position, in The Daily Mail, 9 dicembre 2011. URL consultato il 24 agosto 2012.
James Kirkup e Bruno Waterfield, EU treaty: David Cameron stands as the lone man of Europe, in The Telegraph, 9 dicembre 2011. URL consultato il 24 agosto 2012.
Jane Merrick, Chorley, Matt; Brady, Brian, After Brussels, Cameron takes refuge in his country retreat, in The Independent, 9 dicembre 2011. URL consultato il 24 agosto 2012.
Martin Roberts, Britain 1846–1964: the challenge of change, Oxford University Press, 2001, ISBN 978-0-19-913373-4.
Stewart W. Wallace, The Memoirs of The Rt. Hon. Sir George Foster, Macmillan, 1933.
Michael White, The European question: will it be splendid isolation or miserable?, in The Guardian, 9 dicembre 2011. URL consultato il 24 agosto 2012.

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