Solcometro

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Il solcometro è uno strumento per la misurazione della velocità delle imbarcazioni.

Tipologie

Ne esistono due forme principali:

solcometro a barchetta: è costituito da un galleggiante a forma di settore circolare (un quarto di cerchio) piombato nella parte curva in modo da galleggiare perpendicolarmente alla superficie dell’acqua e opporre resistenza al trascinamento; gettato in mare da poppa fa svolgere una sagola graduata con dei nodi equidistanziati;
solcometro meccanico o a elica: è costituito da un'elica immersa, collegata con un contagiri a bordo.

Il solcometro a barchetta veniva gettato in mare, trattenuto da una sagola marcata con dei nodi posti a una distanza di 15,433 metri l’uno dall’altro, ovvero il percorso che farebbe una barca in 30 secondi se percorresse un miglio nautico ogni ora:

${\frac {15,433{\mbox{ m}}}{30{\mbox{ s}}}}\times 3600{\mbox{ s}}=1852{\mbox{ m/h}}=1{\mbox{ kt}}$

Ogni nodo filato nei trenta secondi della clessidra corrispondeva quindi a una velocità di un miglio nautico all'ora. Per questo motivo l'unità di misura della velocità nautica è chiamata "nodo".

Il solcometro nella letteratura

Nel romanzo Moby Dick di Herman Melville, ambientato nel XIX secolo, il capitano Achab, nella fase in cui - spinto dalla sua cieca ossessione - si avvicina all'equatore in cerca della balena bianca, è costretto a ricorrere al solcometro quale unico strumento disponibile a supporto della navigazione: le bussole, infatti, erano state messe fuori uso dai campi magnetici nel corso di una tempesta e il capitano stesso aveva precedentemente distrutto il quadrante, in uno dei suoi attacchi di follia.

Voci correlate

Misuratore di portata

Altri progetti

Wikimedia Commons contiene immagini o altri file su Solcometro

V · D · M Strumenti di navigazione nautica
Strumenti antichi	Astrolabio · Bussola · Sestante · Notturlabio · Quartiere di riduzione · Pixidis nautica · Quadrante (astronomia) · Solcometro · Portolani · Orientamento astronomico nella navigazione in età classica
Strumenti moderni	GPS (Global Positioning System) · Radar · Ecoscandaglio · Cartografia nautica · VHF radio · AIS (Automatic Identification System) · ECDIS Giroscopio
Metodologie	navigazione astronomica · navigazione stimata · navigazione d'altura · navigazione costiera · pilotaggio
Concetti	Latitudine · Longitudine

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