Shahmukhī

Scrittura shahmukhi.

L'alfabeto shahmukhī (شاہ مکھی, che significa letteralmente "dalla bocca del re") è una variante della scrittura arabo-persiana usata per scrivere la lingua punjabi. Insieme al gurmukhi è una delle due scritture usata per la lingua punjabi. Il termine alternativo Nastaʿlīq, è una parola portmanteau di naskh, di arabo, e ta'aliq (un antico stile di alfabeto persiano usato in Iran) Entrambe le scritture hanno radici arabe e iraniane che furono amalgamate e inventate da Ameer Ali Tabrezi a Tabrez per essere usati come caratteri standard per scrivere la lingua persiana.

La scrittura Shahmukhi fu usata per prima dai poeti Sudi del Punjab; e divenne lo stile di scrittura convenzionale per la popolazione musulmana della provincia pachistana del Punjab a seguito della scissione dall'India, mentre gran parte della provincia Sikh del Punjab, in India ha adottato la scrittura Gurmukhi per la lingua Punjab. Il testo di Nasta'aliq è scritto in direzione destra-sinistra e dalla pagina destra verso la pagina sinistra mentre il Gurmukhi è scritto da sinistra a destra.

Lettere addizionali

Ci sono poche lettere aggiuntive che sono usate occasionalmente. L'Unicode di esse è stato approvato nel 2006[1]. Sono:

ﭓ bbe -ਬ

ﭲ jje -ਜ

ڋ ḍḍe -ਡ

ڰ ggaf -ਗ

ڻ rnoonh -ਣ

Note

  1. ^ Western Panjabi Alphabet, su user.uni-hannover.de. URL consultato il 3 ottobre 2013 (archiviato dall'url originale il 30 novembre 2017).

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Read other articles:

Japan at the 1976 Summer Olympics

Sporting event delegationJapan at the1976 Summer OlympicsIOC codeJPNNOCJapanese Olympic CommitteeWebsitewww.joc.or.jp (in Japanese and English)in MontrealCompetitors213 (153 men and 60 women) in 20 sportsFlag bearer Katsutoshi NekodaMedalsRanked 5th Gold 9 Silver 6 Bronze 10 Total 25 Summer Olympics appearances (overview)19121920192419281932193619481952195619601964196819721976198019841988199219962000200420082012201620202024 Japan competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Que...

 

Karl Koller

Karl Koller (22 Februari 1898 – 22 Desember 1951) adalah seorang Jenderal der Flieger Jerman dan Kepala Staf Umum Luftwaffe Nazi Jerman selama Perang Dunia II. Karl KollerFoto Karl Koller pada 1943Lahir(1898-02-22)22 Februari 1898Glonn, Bavaria, Kekaisaran JermanMeninggal22 Desember 1951(1951-12-22) (umur 53)Glonn, Bavaria, West GermanyMakamGlonnKebangsaan Kekaisaran Jerman Republik Weimar Nazi JermanWarga negara Nazi JermanPekerjaan Luftwaffe Kepala Staff Umum...

 

Smooth FM

Smooth Radio (PM3FBJ)PT Radio Bahana Sanada DuniaKotaTangerangWilayah siarJabodetabek dan sekitarnyaSloganRadio Nomor 1 di Tangerang RayaFrekuensi99.5 FMMulai mengudara16 September 2015; 8 tahun lalu (2015-09-16)Otoritas perizinanKementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika Republik IndonesiaNama sebelumnyaRKMUrban RKMFeMale Radio (pindah ke 97.9)Frekuensi sebelumnya98.1 FM (19??-2004)97.9 FM (2004-2009)JaringanIndependenPemilikMasima Radio Network (19??-2014)MPG Media Network (2015-sekarang)S...

John Utaka

John Utaka Informasi pribadiNama lengkap John Chukwudi UtakaTanggal lahir 8 Januari 1982 (umur 42)Tempat lahir Enugu, NigeriaTinggi 1,79 m (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in)Posisi bermain Sayap, PenyerangKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)1997–1998 Enugu Rangers 6 (2)1998–2000 Arab Contractors 45 (11)2000–2001 Ismaily 21 (17)2001–2002 Al-Sadd 27 (14)2002–2005 Lens 102 (24)2005–2007 Rennes 63 (22)2007–2011 Portsmouth 90 (10)2011–2013 Montpellier 68 (12)2013–2015 Siv...

 

Anthony Eden hat

Type of headgear popularised in Britain British Foreign Minister Anthony Eden, wearing his trademark hat, arriving at Gatow Airport on 15 July 1945 to attend the Potsdam Conference An Anthony Eden hat, or simply an Anthony Eden, was a type of headgear popularised in Britain in the mid-20th century by politician Anthony Eden, later 1st Earl of Avon (1897–1977). Eden, who was known for his sartorial elegance, favoured a silk-brimmed, black felt homburg at a time when most Britons preferred th...

 

Mecasermin rinfabate

Combination drug This article relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Find sources: Mecasermin rinfabate – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Iplex redirects here. For the arena in Swift Current formerly known as iPlex, see InnovationPlex. Mecasermin rinfabateCombination ofIGF-1Growth factorIGFBP-3Binding...

Гипотеза мультирегионального происхождения человека

Запрос «Полицентризм» перенаправляется сюда; см. также другие значения. Гипотеза мультирегионального происхождения неоантропа (полицентризм, от поли… и лат. centrum — «центр») — полифилическая[1] гипотеза антропогенеза, согласно которой существовало несколько ц�...

 

Pareidolia

Gambar satelit dari sebuah dataran tinggi di Cydonia, Wajah pada permukaan Mars yang terkenal. Pareidolia (pengucapan bahasa Inggris: [pærɪˈdoʊliə] pa-ri-DOE-lee-ə) adalah sebuah fenomena psikologis yang melibatkan stimulus samar-samar dan acak (sering kali sebuah gambar atau suara) yang dianggap penting. Contoh umum termasuk melihat gambar binatang atau wajah-wajah di awan, melihat pria atau kelinci di permukaan Bulan, atau mendengar pesan tertentu di rekaman yang dimainkan secara...

 

Tony Kelly (politician)

Australian former politician The HonourableTony KellyALGAMember of theNew South Wales Legislative CouncilIn office17 September 1997 – 6 June 2011Preceded byPeter WatkinsSucceeded bySteve WhanMinister for PlanningIn office8 December 2009 – 28 March 2011Preceded byKristina KeneallySucceeded byBrad HazzardMinister for LandsIn office3 June 2004 – 28 March 2011Preceded byRichard AmerySucceeded byBrad HazzardMinister for InfrastructureIn office8 December 2009 �...

Hayley Palmer

New Zealand swimmer Hayley PalmerPersonal informationFull nameHayley Gloria PalmerNationality New ZealandBorn (1989-05-08) 8 May 1989 (age 34)Height1.71 m (5 ft 7 in)Weight72 kg (159 lb)SportSportSwimmingStrokesFreestyleClubNorth Shore Swimming Club (2007-present) Medal record Commonwealth Games 2010 Delhi 50 m freestyle 2010 Delhi 4x100 m freestyle Hayley Gloria Palmer (born 8 May 1989 in Cheltenham) is an Olympian and National Record holding swimmer f...

 

2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会马来西亚代表团

2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会马来西亚代表團马来西亚国旗IOC編碼MASNOC马来西亚奥林匹克理事会網站olympic.org.my（英文）2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会（東京）2021年7月23日至8月8日（受2019冠状病毒病疫情影响推迟，但仍保留原定名称）運動員30參賽項目10个大项旗手开幕式：李梓嘉和吳柳螢（羽毛球）[1][2]閉幕式：潘德莉拉（跳水）[3]獎牌榜排名第74 金牌 銀牌 銅�...

 

علم الآثار تحت الماء

الرسم على نطاق واسع تحت الماء شوهدت مستوطنة منزل صخري على اليسار في عام 1927 بينما كانت بحيرة موراي (ساوث كارولينا) قيد الإنشاء ، والوسط واليمين هما زاويتان من الجوانب على سونار المسح الجانبي في 100 قدم من المياه العذبة تحت البحيرة في عام 2005 يعتبر حطام E. Russ في إستونيا نصبًا تراث...

Carthage, Missouri

City in Missouri, United StatesCarthage, MissouriCityStores around the Courthouse squareNickname: America’s Maple Leaf CityLocation within Jasper County and MissouriCoordinates: 37°09′38″N 94°18′22″W / 37.16056°N 94.30611°W / 37.16056; -94.30611CountryUnited StatesStateMissouriCountyJasperGovernment • TypeMayor-council government • MayorDan Rife • City AdministratorGreg Dagnan • Missouri SenateJill Car...

 

哈萨克斯坦总统

此条目序言章节没有充分总结全文内容要点。 (2019年3月21日)请考虑扩充序言，清晰概述条目所有重點。请在条目的讨论页讨论此问题。 哈萨克斯坦總統哈薩克總統旗現任Қасым-Жомарт Кемелұлы Тоқаев卡瑟姆若马尔特·托卡耶夫自2019年3月20日在任任期7年首任努尔苏丹·纳扎尔巴耶夫设立1990年4月24日（哈薩克蘇維埃社會主義共和國總統） 哈萨克斯坦 哈萨克斯坦政府...

 

Селевк II Каллиник

В Википедии есть статьи о других людях с именем Селевк. Селевк II Каллиникдр.-греч. Σέλευκος Β' Καλλίνικος Царь государства Селевкидов 246—225 год до н. э. Предшественник Антиох II Теос Преемник Селевк III Керавн Рождение 265 до н. э.(-265)неизвестно Смерть 225 до н. э.(-225)неизвестно Род...

足球

此條目需要补充更多来源。 (2014年9月13日)请协助補充多方面可靠来源以改善这篇条目，无法查证的内容可能會因為异议提出而被移除。致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：足球 — 网页、新闻、书籍、学术、图像），以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源（判定指引）。   此條目介紹的是聯防足球。关于古代足球，请见「蹴鞠」。关于其他用法，...

 

Takin

Species of mammal Takin Takin at Roger Williams Park Zoo Conservation status Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1)[1] CITES Appendix II (CITES)[1] Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Artiodactyla Family: Bovidae Subfamily: Caprinae Tribe: Caprini Genus: Budorcas Species: B. taxicolor Binomial name Budorcas taxicolorHodgson, 1850 Subspecies B. t. bedfordiB. t. taxicolorB. t. tibetanaB. t. whitei Distribution of t...

 

亚拉巴马州

阿拉巴馬州 美国联邦州State of Alabama 州旗州徽綽號：金色啄木鳥之州、迪克西的心臟、棉花之州格言：我們敢捍衛我們的權利（Audemus jura nostra defendere）颂歌：阿拉巴马 (歌曲)（英语：Alabama (Julia Tutwiler song)）地图中高亮部分为阿拉巴馬州坐标：32°42′N 86°42′W / 32.7°N 86.7°W / 32.7; -86.7国家 美国建州前阿拉巴馬領地加入聯邦1819年12月14日（第22个加入�...

Unione Sportiva Alessandria Calcio 1912 2021-2022

Voce principale: Unione Sportiva Alessandria Calcio 1912. US Alessandria Calcio 1912Stagione 2021-2022Sport calcio Squadra Alessandria Allenatore Moreno Longo All. in seconda Dario Migliaccio Presidente Luca Di Masi Serie B18º (in Serie C) Coppa ItaliaTrentaduesimi Maggiori presenzeCampionato: Pisseri (37)Totale: Pisseri (39) Miglior marcatoreCampionato: Corazza (12)Totale: Corazza (14) StadioGiuseppe Moccagatta (7 000) Maggior numero di spettatori4 828 vs L.R. Vicenza(6 magg...

 

Australia at the 2012 Summer Paralympics

Sporting event delegationAustralia at the2012 Summer ParalympicsIPC codeAUSNPCAustralian Paralympic CommitteeWebsitewww.paralympic.org.auin LondonCompetitors161 in 13 sportsFlag bearers Greg Smith (opening) and Evan O'Hanlon (closing)MedalsRanked 5th Gold 32 Silver 23 Bronze 30 Total 85 Summer Paralympics appearances (overview)19601964196819721976198019841988199219962000200420082012201620202024 Australia competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics Games in London, United Kingdom, from 29 Au...