Ruth Teitelbaum

Ruth Teitelbaum (nata Lichterman) (1924 – Dallas, 1986) è stata una programmatrice statunitense. Fece parte delle ENIAC girl, divenendo, quindi, una delle prime programmatrici della storia.

Biografia

Le programmatrici Ruth Lichterman (accovacciata) con Marlyn Wescoff (in piedi sulla destra) mentre cablano l'ENIAC con un nuovo programma.

Formazione

Si laureò presso l'Hunter College con un bachelor in matematica. Fu assunta dalla Moore School of Electrical Engineering dell'Università della Pennsylvania per calcolare traiettorie balistiche. La Moore School venne finanziata dall'esercito americano durante la seconda guerra mondiale. Qui un gruppo di circa 80 donne lavorò manualmente calcolando le traiettorie balistiche con complessi calcoli differenziali. Queste donne erano chiamate "computer donne" (women computers). Nel 1945, l'esercito decise di finanziare un progetto sperimentale: il primo computer digitale interamente elettronico e sei dei "computer donna" furono scelte come prime programmatrici del progetto. [1]

Carriera

Teitelbaum venne selezionata tra le prime programmatrici per ENIAC, il primo computer digitale interamente elettronico. Il computer era un'enorme macchina di 40 pannelli neri da 8 piedi. Le programmatrici dovevano condurre fisicamente il programma balistico utilizzando 3000 interruttori e dozzine di interruttori e "cassetti" digitali per instradare i dati e gli impulsi del programma attraverso la macchina.

Assieme a Marlyn Meltzer, Ruth Teitelbaum faceva parte di un'area speciale del progetto ENIAC. Usando la tecnologia analogica, calcolarono le equazioni delle traiettorie balistiche.[2] Nel 1946 il computer ENIAC fu presentato alla stampa. Le sei donne furono la sola generazione di programmatrici a programmare l'ENIAC e continuarono a insegnare programmazione.

Oltre a Meltzer e Teitelbaum, le altre donne che lavorarono all'ENIAC furono Jean Bartik, Betty Holberton, Kathleen Antonelli, e Frances Spence.[3]

Morte

Ruth Teitelbaum morì nel 1986 a Dallas.

Riconoscimenti

Sebbene svolse un ruolo fondamentale nella nascita dei computer, non le venne riconosciuto il giusto merito alla creazione dell'ENIAC.

Nel 1997 è stata inserita nel Women in Technology International Hall of Fame, assieme alle altre cinque programmatrici dell'ENIAC. Il marito della Teitelbaum ha accettato il premio dedicato alla sua memoria.[4]

Note

  1. ^ (EN) Ruth Teitelbaum - Engineering and Technology History Wiki, su ethw.org. URL consultato il 3 ottobre 2017.
  2. ^ IEEE Global Network "Ruth Teitelbaum" http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki6/index.php/Ruth_Teitelbaum Archiviato il 4 marzo 2014 in Internet Archive. Ret. March 2014
  3. ^ (EN) Finding the forgotten women who programmed the world’s first electronic computer.
  4. ^ (EN) Ruth Teitelbaum biography, su ethw.org.

Bibliografia

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN) 26146635526041980891 · LCCN (EN) no2016071353 · GND (DE) 115835214X
  Portale Biografie

Read other articles:

Dubai Islamic Bank Tower

Artikel ini membahas mengenai bangunan, struktur, infrastruktur, atau kawasan terencana yang sedang dibangun atau akan segera selesai. Informasi di halaman ini bisa berubah setiap saat (tidak jarang perubahan yang besar) seiring dengan penyelesaiannya. Dubai Islamic Bank TowerInformasi umumStatusDitundaLokasiDubai, Uni Emirat ArabPerkiraan rampung2009Data teknisJumlah lantai38Desain dan konstruksiArsitekNational Engineering Bureau Dubai Islamic Bank Tower merupakan sebuah menara bertingkat 38...

 

 

Mount Pleasant, Iowa

City in Iowa, United StatesMount Pleasant, IowaCityMain Street (2008)Motto: Pursuing excellenceLocation of Mount Pleasant, IowaCoordinates: 40°57′45″N 91°32′42″W / 40.96250°N 91.54500°W / 40.96250; -91.54500Country United StatesState IowaCountyHenryIncorporatedJuly 15, 1856 [1]Government • MayorSteve BrimhallArea[2] • Total8.64 sq mi (22.39 km2) • Land8.63 sq mi (22...

 

 

Complesso di Santa Maria delle Grazie

Complesso di Santa Maria delle GrazieLa chiesa e il convento di Santa Maria delle GrazieStato Italia RegioneCampania LocalitàGiugliano in Campania Coordinate40°56′03.53″N 14°12′13.17″E / 40.934314°N 14.203659°E40.934314; 14.203659Coordinate: 40°56′03.53″N 14°12′13.17″E / 40.934314°N 14.203659°E40.934314; 14.203659 Religionecattolica TitolareMadonna delle Grazie OrdineFrancescani Diocesi Aversa Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manu...

Города Сент-Люсии

Карта Сент-Люсии Здесь представлен список городов Сент-Люсии. Сент-Люсия насчитывает 11 приходов и 150 населённых пунктов[1]. Города Город Приход[2] Население, чел.[2] Анс-ла-Рей Анс-ла-Рей13°56′46″ с. ш. 61°02′20″ з. д.HGЯO 1 256 О Табор[англ.] Анс-ла-Рей13°56′46″ �...

 

 

贝蒂诺·克拉克西

贝内德托·贝蒂诺·克拉克西Bettino Craxi第45任意大利总理任期1983年8月4日—1987年4月17日总统亚历山德罗·佩尔蒂尼 弗朗切斯科·科西加副职阿纳尔多·福拉尼前任阿明托雷·范范尼继任阿明托雷·范范尼 个人资料出生(1934-02-24)1934年2月24日伦巴第米兰逝世2000年1月19日(2000歲—01—19)（65歲）突尼斯哈马麦特国籍意大利政党意大利社会党儿女Bobo、Stefania 克拉克西在突尼斯的墓地。 �...

 

 

Licor Beirão

Portuguese liqueur Licor BeirãoTypeLiqueurManufacturerJ. Carranca Redondo, Lda.Country of origin Beira region, PortugalIntroduced19th CenturyAlcohol by volume 22% ABVWebsitelicorbeirao.com Licor Beirão, commonly simply known as Beirão, is a Portuguese liqueur from the Beira region of Portugal. Originating in the 19th century, it is the most consumed alcoholic spirit in Portugal.[1] Production began in the 19th century in Lousã, in the Beira region, from where it got its ...

Luciano Petech

Bagian dari serialAgama Buddha di Tibet SejarahKronologi Waktu · Topik lainnya Mazhab Nyingma · Kagyu · Sakya · Gelug · Bön Ajaran Inti Tiga Corak Umum · Skandha · Kosmologi · Saṃsāra · Kelahiran Kembali · Bodhisattva · Dhamma · Hukum Sebab Musabab · Karma Tokoh Buddhis Gautama Buddha · Padmasambhava · Je Tsongkhapa ·&#...

 

 

Філософія

Частина серії проФілософіяLeft to right: Plato, Kant, Nietzsche, Buddha, Confucius, AverroesПлатонКантНіцшеБуддаКонфуційАверроес Філософи Епістемологи Естетики Етики Логіки Метафізики Соціально-політичні філософи Традиції Аналітична Арістотелівська Африканська Близькосхідна іранська Буддій�...

 

 

István Friedrich

Cet article est une ébauche concernant une personnalité hongroise. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Pour les articles homonymes, voir Friedrich. Dans les noms hongrois, le nom de famille précède le prénom, mais cet article utilise l’ordre habituel en français, où le prénom précède le nom. István FriedrichIstván Friedrich en août 1919.FonctionsMinistre de la Défense de Hongrie24 nov...

Vladimir Kolpakchi

Vladimir KolpakchiLahir7 September 1899Kiev, Kekaisaran RusiaMeninggal17 Mei 1961(1961-05-17) (umur 61)Moskwa, USSRPengabdian Uni SovietDinas/cabangTentara MerahLama dinas1916 - 1961PangkatJenderalPenghargaanPahlawan Uni Soviet Vladimir Yakovlevich Kolpakchi (bahasa Rusia: Владимир Яковлевич Колпакчи, Ukraina: Колпакчи Володимир Якович) (7 September 1899 – 17 Mei 1961) adalah seorang Jenderal Besar Uni Sovi...

 

 

St Bene't's Church

Church in Cambridge, England Church in Cambridge, EnglandSt Bene't's Church, CambridgeSt Bene't's Church with its Anglo-Saxon tower52°12′13.0″N 0°07′06.0″E / 52.203611°N 0.118333°E / 52.203611; 0.118333LocationBene't Street , CambridgeCountryEnglandDenominationChurch of EnglandWebsitehttps://www.stbenetschurch.orgHistoryStatusActiveFoundedc.1020ArchitectureFunctional statusParish churchHeritage designationGrade I listedSpecificationsTower height70ftBells6Te...

 

 

Divyanka Tripathi

Ini adalah nama India; nama Tripathi merupakan patronimik, bukan nama keluarga, dan tokoh ini dipanggil menggunakan nama depannya, Divyanka. Divyanka TripathiLahir14 Desember 1984 (umur 39)[1]Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, IndiaKebangsaanIndianNama lainDivyanka Tripathi Dahiya[2]PekerjaanAktrisSuami/istriVivek Dahiya ​(m. 2016)​ Divyanka Tripathi adalah salah satu Aktris India yang berkecimpung di dunia pertelevisian India. Namanya mulai dikenal...

Kulah khud

A style of helmet known as top in India. This top came from the Deccan region. Kulah Khuds (Persian: کلاه خود; also known as top in India and devil masks[1] among English speaking arms collectors) were used in ancient western Asia for battle and as decorative head pieces.[2] Form and origin Khula Khud helmets originated in Central Asia and Turkestan,[3] they were worn by Persian Empire soldiers in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.[4] Made of steel...

 

 

Pesantren

Bagian dari seriPendidikan di Indonesia Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia Pendidikan anak usia dini TK RA KB PAUD Pendidikan dasar (kelas 1–6) SD MI Paket A Pendidikan dasar (kelas 7–9) SMP MTs Paket B Pendidikan menengah (kelas 10–12) SMA MA SMK MAK Paket C Pendidikan tinggi Perguruan tinggi Pendidikan Vokasi Akademi Akademi komunitas Institut Politeknik Sekolah tinggi Universitas Lain-lain Madrasah Pesantren Sekolah alam Sekolah rumah Sekolah ...

 

 

Hisingsbron

Bridge in Gothenburg, SwedenHisingsbronCoordinates57°42′54″N 11°58′04″E / 57.71489593133648°N 11.967886815955394°E / 57.71489593133648; 11.967886815955394CrossesGöta älvLocaleGothenburg, SwedenPreceded byGötaälvbronCharacteristicsDesignVertical-lift bridgeTotal length440 m (1,440 ft)[1]Width40 m (130 ft)[1]Height12 m (39 ft)[1]HistoryConstruction start2017[2]Construction end2021[2]Ope...

Laroque-des-Albères

Ne doit pas être confondu avec Michèle Laroque. Pour les articles homonymes, voir Albère. Laroque-des-Albères Blason Administration Pays France Région Occitanie Département Pyrénées-Orientales Arrondissement Céret Intercommunalité Communauté de communes des Albères, de la Côte Vermeille et de l'Illibéris Maire Mandat Christian Nauté 2020-2026 Code postal 66740 Code commune 66093 Démographie Gentilé Rocatins, Rocatines Populationmunicipale 2 219 hab. (2021 ) Densit�...

 

 

中国共产党政治运动列表

中國共產黨政治運動列表列出了中国共产党在历史上發動的各個政治運動。 评价 理查德·派普斯《共产主义实录》一书指出：马克思主义认为人性是可以无止境地予以改造的，因此只要把惩治和教育结合起来，就可以造就出一批毫不利已的新人，甘愿投身到社会中为社会服务，实现柏拉图在其《理想国》中所描述的那种社会：“在社会生活中，完全没有私人或个体之分。”�...

 

 

Родригес, Гидо

В Википедии есть статьи о других людях с фамилией Родригес. Гидо Родригес Общая информация Родился 12 апреля 1994(1994-04-12)[1][2] (30 лет)Саенс-Пенья[вд], Трес-де-Фебреро, Буэнос-Айрес, Аргентина Гражданство  Аргентина[3] Рост 185 см Позиция опорный полузащитник Информа...

Pixel 7a

Google Pixel > Pixel 7a Pixel 7a シリーズ Pixel販売開始日 2023年5月11日 (15か月前) (2023-05-11)先代機 Pixel 6a後継機 Pixel 8a重量 193.5 g (6.83 oz)OS Android 13SoC Google Tensor G2(5 nm)メインメモリ 8 GB RAMストレージ 128 GB UFS 3.1バッテリー 4385 mAhディスプレイ 155 mm (6.1 in) OLED背面カメラ 64 MP, f/1.89, 25mm (広角), 1/1.73, 0.8µm, dual pixel PDAF, OIS13 MP, f/2.2,120˚ (超広角), 1.12µmDual-LED f...

 

 

Sweet Run State Park

State park in Virginia, United States Sweet Run State ParkGordon Pond in autumnLocation of Sweet Run State ParkShow map of Northern VirginiaSweet Run State Park (Virginia)Show map of VirginiaSweet Run State Park (the United States)Show map of the United StatesLocationLoudoun County, VirginiaNearest cityHillsboro, VirginiaCoordinates39°17′37″N 77°43′30″W / 39.2937049°N 77.725051°W / 39.2937049; -77.725051Area884 acres (358 ha)Established2016Governi...