Rhetorica ad Herennium

Rhetorica ad Herennium
AutoreCicerone o Cornificio
1ª ed. originaleI secolo a.C.
Editio princepsVenezia, Nicolas Jenson, 1470
Generetrattato
Sottogenereretorico
Lingua originalelatino
Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale

Rhetorica ad Herennium è il titolo con cui è noto il più antico trattato di retorica in latino a noi pervenuto, databile attorno al 90 a.C., nonché una delle più importanti opere sulla struttura e gli usi dell'arte della persuasione. Attribuito talvolta a Cicerone (in particolare nel Medioevo), non è però di mano ciceroniana, e l'autore è sconosciuto. Alcuni studiosi lo hanno identificato con un certo Cornificio di cui parla Quintiliano, ma senza alcuna certezza;[1] sembra invece sicura l'appartenenza, o comunque la simpatia, dell'autore per il partito popolare. Anche sull'identità del destinatario non vi è certezza, poiché il nome Gaio Erennio, presumibilmente amico e allievo dell'autore, era ampiamente diffuso in tutta la penisola italica.[2] Per quanto riguarda i contenuti, infine, è ravvisabile l'influenza delle dottrine aristoteliche e stoiche, e in particolare di Crisippo.[3]

Struttura

L'opera è divisa in 4 libri; nella parte iniziale sono trattate le tre tipologie di discorsi che l'oratore deve conoscere, quello giudiziario, quello deliberativo e quello elogiativo; segue quindi la trattazione degli ambiti in cui l'oratore deve acquisire competenza: inventio (Libri I e II), dispositio, memoria, elocutio e actio (Libro III).

Il Libro IV è dedicato interamente all'elocutio (stile): è la più antica trattazione sistematica dello stile latino, e molti esempi riportati sono tratti da eventi contemporanei alla sua stesura. Questo nuovo stile, che fiorì nel secolo seguente alla stesura di quest'opera, promuoveva progressi rivoluzionari nella letteratura e nell'arte oratoria romana: contiene la prima descrizione conosciuta della tecnica dei loci e una tecnica mnemonica che lo stesso Cicerone esalta ripetutamente nel De oratore; inoltre, vengono illustrate 64 figure di parola e di pensiero.

Fortuna dell'opera

Fu il libro di retorica più popolare durante il Medioevo ed il Rinascimento, comunemente usato per l'insegnamento in concomitanza con il De inventione di Cicerone; questa sua popolarità è evidente dal numero di copie pervenuteci: ben più di un centinaio di manoscritti. Fu anche tradotto nei più importanti linguaggi vernacolari europei, divenendo una lettura obbligata nel modello d'istruzione rinascimentale.

Note

  1. ^ F. Cancelli, Prefazione a: La retorica a Gaio Erennio, a cura di F. Cancelli, Milano 1992, pp. VIII.
  2. ^ F. Cancelli, Introduzione a: La retorica a Gaio Erennio, Milano 1992, pp. XX-XXI.
  3. ^ Armando Plebe, Breve storia della retorica antica, Roma 1988, p. 92.

Bibliografia

  • Retorica a Caio Erennio, Edizione bilingue; Traduz. di Giuseppe Giuliano Locatelli, Società Anonima Notari - Istituto Editoriale Italiano - Villasanta (MI), 1931.
  • Rhetorica ad Herennium Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA 1954.
  • Rhetorica ad Herennium (Friedrich Marx, ed. Prolegomena in editio maior, Tuebner, Leipzig, 1923.
  • Golla, Georg. Sprachliche Beobachtungen zum auctor ad Herennium, Breslau, 1935.
  • Kroll, Wilhelm. Die Entwicklung der lateinischen Sprache, Glotta 22 (1934). 24-27.
  • Kroll, Wilhelm. Der Text des Cornificius, Philologus 89 (1934). 63-84
  • Tolkiehn, Johannes. Jahresbuch des philologischen Vereins zu Berlin 45 (1919)
  • Marco Tullio Cicerone, Rhetorica ad Herennium, [Venezia], [Gabriele di Pietro], [circa 1472-1473].

Altri progetti

Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN) 301874210 · BAV 492/1717 · LCCN (EN) n86114110 · GND (DE) 4228492-2 · BNE (ES) XX3817401 (data) · BNF (FR) cb12208199w (data) · J9U (EN, HE) 987007289821705171
  Portale Antica Roma

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