Regola di Allen

La regola di Allen è una regola biologica postulata da Joel Asaph Allen nel 1877. Essa afferma che gli animali a sangue caldo, o omeotermi, provenienti da climi freddi generalmente possiedono estremità più corte dei loro corrispettivi provenienti da climi più caldi.

Teoria

Differenze in termini di superficie di due solidi con uguale volume

La teoria dietro la Regola di Allen è che animali endotermi con uno stesso volume corporeo possono avere differenti aree superficiali, il che influenza la regolazione della temperatura corporea. Come esempio, si considerino 8 cubi di lato 2 cm. Una catasta di forma cubica avrà volume uguale a 64 cm³ e superficie pari a 96 cm², mentre una catasta a base rettangolare avrà lo stesso volume, ma una superficie di ben 112 cm².

La forma del corpo determina l'ammontare di superficie corporea esposta e quindi la quantità di calore disperso. In climi freddi è vantaggioso conservare calore e energia mantenendo un basso rapporto superficie volume mentre in climi più caldi è vero il contrario. Un animale si surriscalda in fretta se non è in grado di disperdere calore efficientemente, anche attraverso una forma corporea adeguata, con un alto rapporto superficie volume.

Bibliografia

  • (EN) Allen's rule, in Academic Press Dictionary of Science and Technology, Oxford, Elsevier Science & Technology, 1992.
  • (EN) Allen's rule, in The Encyclopedia of Ecology and Environmental Management, Oxford, Blackwell Publishers, 1998.
  • (EN) Allen's rule, in The Dictionary of Physical Geography, Oxford, Blackwell Publishers, 2000.
  • (EN) Allen's rule, in Collins Dictionary of Biology, Londra, Collins, 2005.
  • (EN) Allen's rule, in Cambridge Dictionary of Human Biology and Evolution, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2005.

Altri progetti

  Portale Anatomia

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