Reazione alcali carbonato

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La reazione alcali-carbonato (Alkali-carbonate reaction o ACR) è una reazione alcali-aggregato che determina il deterioramento della durabilità del calcestruzzo a causa della presenza aggregati calcarei dolomitici.

Descrizione

Come è noto il cemento contiene come componente minore una piccola quantità di alcali (0,4-1,5% espressi in Na2O). Tali alcali possono interagire con il carbonato contenuto negli aggregati di origine dolomitica generando un'azione espansiva e conseguente ammaloramento del calcestruzzo.

Secondo French e Poole si sviluppa il processo di delomitizzazione cioè gli alcali contenuti nel cemento reagiscono con i cristalli di dolomite presenti nell'aggregato inducendo la produzione di brucite, (MgOH)2 , e calcite (CaCO3 ).

Questo meccanismo è stato proposto da Swenson e Gillott (1950) e può essere scritto come segue:

CaMg(CO3)2 + 2 NaOH → CaCO3 + Na2CO3 + Mg(OH)2Tale reazione è favorita dalla presenza di gesso nelle porosità dell'inerte.

I prodotti di reazione, in presenza di umidità, tendono ad aumentare fortemente di volume, provocando fenomeni fessurativi e distacchi del calcestruzzo.

Indicatori della reazione possono essere il pop-out[1] ( come per esempio i pavimenti industriali), una ragnatela di fessure, scheggiatura dei giunti o distacchi di parte della struttura.

Questo fenomeno comunque è poco frequente essendo stato riscontrato prevalentemente in Canada.

Note

  1. ^ distacco superficiale di una piccola porzione di area circolare di calcestruzzo

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